1 NLM CIT. ID: 20060118 TITLE: [Male urogenital amicrobial phlogosis: effects of the treatment with amtolmetin guacyl on some sperm parameters] VERNACULAR TITLE: Flogosi uro-genitali amicrobiche maschili: efficacia del trattamento con amtolmetina guacil su alcuni parametri spermatici. AUTHORS: Vicari E; Cataldo T; Arancio A; D'Agata R AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Cattedra Andrologia, Universita di Catania, Italia. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ita REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal) 0 (Pyrroles) 104076-16-6 (ST 679) 56-40-6 (Glycine) ABSTRACT: To examine if some inflammation-related sperm abnormalities were influenced by leucocytospermia (sWBC) alone, WBC-specific Radical oxygen species (WBC-ROS) over-production, and/or by different infected sexual gland sites and if these abnormalities were possibly reversible following treatment with an antiphlogistic drug, a total of 43 infertile male patients with amicrobial male accessory gland infections (MAGI) associated with prostatitis (P, n = 16), prostato-vesiculitis (PV, n = 14) or prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis (PVE, n = 13) as confirmed by ultrasound, were studied. The patients were then further subdivided into two subsets: one of the subsets (P, n = 10; PV, n = 8; PVE, n = 7) was administered amtolmetina guacyl (Eufans) 600 mg once daily for 14 consecutive days per month, for a 2-months period. The second subset (six patients for each category) received no treatment (matched-control). Mean outcome measures included a follow-up of sperm analysis with assessment of sperm forward motility (M), sperm viability (V). In addition, sWBC as well as basal and maximal fMLP-mediated WBC- ROS production were also carried out by conventional immunocytochemistry staining and chemiluminescence analysis respectively. In the pre-treatment, in all patients (treated and not treated subsets) median values of the sperm M and V were significantly different among categories (P > PV > PVE), and necrozoospermia (sperm viability < 25%) were present in the 70% out of group P patients and in all (100%) patients from groups PV and PVE. Median sWBC concentrations, elevated (values > 1 mil/ml) in all groups, in the PV and PVE groups were significantly higher compared to those found in the group P. Furthermore, PVE group generated baseline and fMLP-stimulated ROS productions from low density 45% Percoll fraction (Pc45), significantly higher than those found in P or PV groups. Sperm outcome measures were significantly different compared with the matched-controls (exhibiting 0% case-responders), in a time- and infected gland site-dependent manner. Thus, either in terms of median values and percentages of responders (defined as parameters ensued within the conventional normal range) sperm M and V percentages, as well as sWBC improved after the first (T1) antiphlogistic course in the group P only, but after the second (T2) antiphlogistic course in the other groups (PV or PVE). Moreover, treated patients of each group had amounts of generated basal and fMLP-stimulated ROS signals significantly reduced, with values ensued within a fertile control range at T2, in 80, 62.5 and 42.8% out of the P, PV and PVE groups respectively. We concluded that long-term amtolmetina-guacyl administration demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of amicrobial MAGI, exhibiting a positive impact on all sperm parameters studied and no side-effects. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 10592533 SOURCE: Arch Ital Urol Androl 1999 Sep;71(4):211-21 2 NLM CIT. ID: 20047606 TITLE: Relevance of male accessory gland infection for subsequent fertility with special focus on prostatitis. AUTHORS: Weidner W; Krause W; Ludwig M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, University of Giessen, Germany. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) 0 (Autoantibodies) 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) ABSTRACT: Infections of the male genitourinary tract may contribute to infertility to a various extent depending on the site of inflammation. Especially in prostatitis, the exact classification of the infection contributes to its impact on changes in the ejaculate. Similarly, in urethritis, epididymitis and orchitis, only a clear clinical diagnosis allows a rational approach to altered sperm parameters. Several inflammatory and reactive alterations of sperm quality seem to be proven; nevertheless, the impact of these findings on male fertility remains in many cases unclear. Even therapeutic trials do not provide more insights into the association of male genital infections and impaired fertility, although the efficacy of antibiotic trials seems to be proven. For the future, it may be decisive to evaluate inflammatory changes in the ejaculate not only on the basis of standard but also on functional parameters, thus providing new definitions of the interactions between male urogenital tract infection and disturbances of male fertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 10582781 SOURCE: Hum Reprod Update 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):421-32 3 NLM CIT. ID: 20018218 TITLE: The reactive oxygen species-total antioxidant capacity score is a new measure of oxidative stress to predict male infertility. AUTHORS: Sharma RK; Pasqualotto FF; Nelson DR; Thomas AJ Jr Agarwal A AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction and Infertility, Departments of Urology, Gynecology-Obstetrics, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antioxidants) 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) ABSTRACT: The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in seminal fluid indicates oxidative stress and is correlated with male infertility. A composite ROS-TAC score may be more strongly correlated with infertility than ROS or TAC alone. We measured ROS, TAC, and ROS-TAC scores in semen from 127 patients and 24 healthy controls. Of the patients, 56 had varicocele, eight had varicocele with prostatitis, 35 had vasectomy reversals, and 28 had idiopathic infertility. ROS levels were higher among infertile men, especially those with varicocele with prostatitis (mean +/- SE, 3.25 +/- 0.89) and vasectomy reversals (2.65 +/- 1.01). All infertile groups had significantly lower ROS-TAC scores than control. ROS-TAC score identified 80% of patients and was significantly better than ROS at identifying varicocele and idiopathic infertility. The 13 patients whose partners later achieved pregnancies had a mean ROS-TAC score of 47.7 +/- 13.2, similar to controls but significantly higher than the 39 patients who remained infertile (35.8 +/- 15.0; P < 0.01). ROS-TAC score is a novel measure of oxidative stress and is superior to ROS or TAC alone in discriminating between fertile and infertile men. Infertile men with male factor or idiopathic diagnoses had significantly lower ROS-TAC scores than controls, and men with male factor diagnoses that eventually were able to initiate a successful pregnancy had significantly higher ROS-TAC scores than those who failed. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 10548626 SOURCE: Hum Reprod 1999 Nov;14(11):2801-7 4 NLM CIT. ID: 99428087 TITLE: Bacteriospermia and male infertility: a method for increasing the sensitivity of semen culture. AUTHORS: Villanueva-Diaz CA; Flores-Reyes GA Beltran-Zuniga M; Echavarria-Sanchez M; Ortiz-Ibarra FJ Arredondo-Garcia JL AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Departamento de Androloga, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To test a method for increasing the sensitivity of semen culture. Design-Prospective and transverse. Setting-Andrology clinic at a tertiary care health institution in Mexico City. PATIENTS: 65 infertile patients with abnormal semen, bacteriospermia detected on Gram stain and at least two previous negative semen cultures (<3 months) were included to test routine semen culture and a method including centrifugation of semen at 10,00 rpm for 20 minutes. Localization cultures were also carried out in all patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Bacterial isolation in semen samples. RESULTS: Routine semen culture was positive in 22% of patients, while centrifuged aliquots of the same semen sample were positive in 52% of patients (chi2 = 6.60, P < .01). Enterococcus was isolated in 43% of patients, E. coli in 24%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 19%, and U. urealyticum in 14%. Ninety percent of isolates corresponded to specimens from the urethra and the prostato-vesicular region. CONCLUSION: Sensitivity of semen culture increased with centrifugation of semen samples. Localization pattern and type of isolates suggest that these patients had chronic prostatitis and that episodic elimination of bacteria might also explain false negative semen cultures in patients with chronic asymptomatic infection of the accessory sex glands. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 10499741 SOURCE: Int J Fertil Womens Med 1999 Jun-Aug;44(4):198-203 5 NLM CIT. ID: 98360684 TITLE: [An analysis of variance of the integration of the vascular and germinative testicular systems in the pathogenesis of infertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Dyspersiinyi analiz intehratsii sudynnoi ta herminatyvnoi system iaiechka u patohenezi neplidnosti. AUTHORS: Malyshkin IN PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ukr ABSTRACT: In 162 infertile patients and 404 rats an impact was evaluated of varicocele, cryptorchidism, epididymitis, prostatitis, obstruction of the deferent ducts and effects of the electromagnetic field on the amounts and volume of spermatogonia nuclei. Sertoli cells, Leydig's cells, the number and outer diameter of arterioles, capillaries and venules. The impact of the above illnesses is at its greatest in respect of the spermatogenic epithelium, with lesser effects being exerted on the parameters of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the most measurable changes in which occur with microvessels of the venular link. In the pathogenesis of infertility there takes place an interaction between the germinal system and hemomicrocirculatory bed of the testicle. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9695571 SOURCE: Lik Sprava 1998 May;(3):77-80 6 NLM CIT. ID: 98344276 TITLE: The effect of prostaglandin E1 on in vitro transcription of sperm chromatin, isolated from patients with azoospermia, teratospermia and chronic prostatitis. AUTHORS: Pironcheva G; Miteva K; Russev GC; Vaisberg C Zlatarev S AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, Bulgaria. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 2.7.7.6 (DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase) 0 (Chromatin) 0 (Polyribonucleotides) 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) ABSTRACT: We have investigated the influence of Prostaglandin E1 on the in vitro transcription of chromatin, isolated from spermatozoa of patients suffering from different pathologies, leading to infertility, namely, azoospermia, teratospermia and chronic prostatitis. Our studies indicate that prostaglandin E1 has a stimulatory effect both on in vitro transcription, on the number of RNA polymerase molecules and the polyribonucleotide elongation rates as compared to sperm chromatin from healthy patients. The results on the incorporation of alpha-32P-ATP in to RNA in the presence and absence of Prostaglandin E1 correlate well with the data on the number of actively transcribing RNA polymerase molecules and the rate of RNA elongation, which might be due to low levels of prostaglandin E1 in human semen. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9679333 SOURCE: Z Naturforsch [C] 1998 May-Jun;53(5-6):421-4 7 NLM CIT. ID: 98293093 TITLE: Therapy in male accessory gland infection--what is fact, what is fiction? AUTHORS: Weidner W; Ludwig M; Miller J AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, University of Giessen, Germany. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) 0 (Antibiotics) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9629448 SOURCE: Andrologia 1998;30 Suppl 1:87-90 8 NLM CIT. ID: 98277299 TITLE: [Restoration of reproductive ability in patients with chronic prostatitis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Vidnovlennia reproduktyvnoi zdatnosti u khvorykh na khronichnyi prostatyt. AUTHORS: Zhyla VV; Danyliuk IuO; Hulei IaT; Andrusyk VI Maksimenko VS PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ukr NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9615094 SOURCE: Klin Khir 1998;(2):51 9 NLM CIT. ID: 98274288 TITLE: Prostatic fluid and sperm examination: 106 cases. Preliminary study on infertility. AUTHORS: Huaijin C; Junyan Z; Naiguan C AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, International Peace Hospital, Shanghai, China. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Phosphatidylcholines) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: This research is designed to explore the relationship between the results of routine prostatic fluid and sperm examination obtained from 106 married male young people. METHODS: The subject of the present research included 106 married young men who underwent pre- martial checkups. Leukocyte count, pH value, and lecithin body in prostatic fluid were measured and compared with the data of sperm examination. RESULTS: The results showed that when leukocyte count in prostatic fluid was over 10/HPF, the survival rate of sperms decreased significantly, liquefying time prolonged significantly (p < 0.001), sperms decreased in number from 54.42 million/mm3 to 38.93 million/mm3 with rise in pH value. CONCLUSIONS: Our research reveals a positive correlation between increased leukocytes in prostatic fluid and infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9611354 SOURCE: Acta Urol Belg 1998 Mar;66(1):19-21 10 NLM CIT. ID: 98131934 TITLE: Diagnosis and localization of a complicated urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladder disease by tubular proteinuria and serum prostate specific antigen. AUTHORS: Everaert K; Oostra C; Delanghe J; Vande Walle J Van Laere M; Oosterlinck W AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, University of Ghent, Belgium. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 3.4.21.77 (Prostate-Specific Antigen) 0 (alpha(1)-microglobulin) 0 (Alpha-Globulins) 0 (Biological Markers) ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is the most frequent complication occurring in patients with spinal cord injuries and can cause renal failure and male infertility. We used the urinary alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha 1Mg) as a marker for pyelonephritis and the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a marker for prostatitis with reference to the currently available methods. The aim of our study is (1) to differentiate between upper (pyelonephritis) and lower urinary tract infection (cystitis, prostatitis) in neurogenic bladder disease, (2) to determine if high (< or = 38.5 degrees C) fever in a neurogenic bladder disease patient was due to urological (prostatitis, pyelonephritis) causes or not. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 147 patients of whom 27 had acute pyelonephritis, 16 had prostatitis with fever, 13 had chronic pyelonephritis, 68 had cystitis; 23 were control patients of whom nine had fever (< or = 38.5 degrees C) and 14 did not. The diagnoses and localizations were made on the basis of clinical evidence, with a CT scan, urography, bladder wash-out tests, and five glass-specimen tests. The urinary alpha 1Mg was determined using latex enhanced immunonephelometry and the serum PSA was measured using RIA. RESULTS: For the urinary alpha 1Mg, the sensitivity is 96% and the specificity 93% for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. The serum PSA has a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 96% in the diagnosis of prostatitis. The urinary alpha 1Mg has a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 56% and the serum PSA has a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 100% in the differential diagnosis of prostatitis and pyelonephritis. The best discriminative parameter between pyelonephritis and prostatitis was the urinary alpha 1Mg/serum PSA ratio with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 88%. CONCLUSION: Upper-tract infection with fever can be diagnosed in neurogenic bladder disease by determining the urinary alpha 1Mg. In male patients, the serum PSA should be determined to distinguish upper-tract infection from prostatitis. High fever does not significantly influence our parameters so that we can differentiate whether or not high fever is due to urological causes. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9471136 SOURCE: Spinal Cord 1998 Jan;36(1):33-8 11 NLM CIT. ID: 97446716 TITLE: [The interaction of changes in the genitalia in the pathogenesis of sterility in men] VERNACULAR TITLE: Vzaiemodiia zmin statevykh orhaniv u patohenezi bezpliddia u cholovikiv. AUTHORS: Malyshkin IN PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ukr REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Gonadotropins, Pituitary) 0 (Sex Hormones) ABSTRACT: Alterations in testicular structures on the side of the pathologic process, contralateral testicle, epididymis, deferent duct, prostate, spermogramme, were found out to be related to the level of gonadotrophic and sex hormones in pathogenesis of infertility developing in varicocele, cryptorchidism, epididymitis, prostatitis, obstruction of the deferent duct, and action of low frequency electromagnetic field. The findings obtained will, we believe, help in diagnosing and prescribing the pathogenetically substantiated treatment. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9377363 SOURCE: Lik Sprava 1997 May-Jun;(3):83-7 12 NLM CIT. ID: 98013285 TITLE: Relationship between etiological factors and total motile sperm count in 350 infertile patients. AUTHORS: Martin-Du Pan RC; Bischof P; Campana A; Morabia A AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Geneva, Switzerland. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: The prevalence of different etiologic factors has been evaluated in 350 male patients consulting the same physician in an urban, ambulatory setting for primary or secondary infertility of more than 1 year. Environmental factors such as alcohol or drugs represented 12% of the etiologies, acquired diseases such as varicocele and prostatitis 40%, congenital diseases and primary testicular failure 16.2%, idiopathic cases 19.4%, and abnormality of sperm transport 7.4%. The severity of sperm alterations in the different etiologic categories was evaluated by the total motile sperm count per ejaculate (TMS) (normal > 16). The TMS was less than 5 in classical causes of male infertility such as testicular failure, endocrinopathy, cancer, or antisperm antibodies. It was more than 10 in controversial causes of infertility such as varicocele, prostatis, chlamydial infections, and professional exposure to heat. After treatment, there was a nonsignificant increase of the TMS in the latter cases. In cases of azoospermia of pituitary origin, the TMS was normalized by a hormonal treatment. In some cases of azoospermia of possible obstructive origin, sperm appeared in the ejaculate after diclofenac treatment. The utility of andrological investigation and treatment is discussed. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9352031 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1997 Nov-Dec;39(3):197-210 13 NLM CIT. ID: 97298253 TITLE: MR imaging in male infertility. AUTHORS: Parsons RB; Fisher AM; Bar-Chama N; Mitty HA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: In patients with male infertility, endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides high-resolution images of the prostate gland and ejaculatory apparatus. The multiplanar capability of MR imaging allows production of a detailed map of the reproductive tract for guiding treatment. Causes of male infertility can be classified as congenital, acquired, infectious, or hormonal. Wolffian duct abnormalities include agenesis of the kidney, vas deferens, or seminal vesicle and cysts of the vas deferens, seminal vesicle, or urogenital sinus-ejaculatory duct. Mullerian duct abnormalities are less common and consist of mullerian duct cysts and utricle cysts. Cowper duct cysts and peripheral-zone prostatic cysts are acquired causes of male infertility. Prostatitis, an infectious cause of male infertility, may mimic carcinoma on long repetition time/echo time images. A low testosterone levels is one of the hormonal causes of male infertility. Pitfalls in the interpretation of MR images can be avoided by familiarity with normal and abnormal findings in patients with male infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9153701 SOURCE: Radiographics 1997 May-Jun;17(3):627-37 14 NLM CIT. ID: 97239992 TITLE: [The interrelationship of changes in the vascular bed of the testes to the status of the spermogram in the pathogenesis of infertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Vzaiemozv'iazok zmin sudynnoho rusla iaiechok iz stanom spermohramy u patohenezi bezpliddia. AUTHORS: Malyshkin IN PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ukr ABSTRACT: Infertile marriage is a burning medical and social problem. In spite of this the pathogenesis of infertility in men is not at present fully understood. The present investigation was designed to study general regularities of interrelation between changes in vascular bed of the testis and state of spermogramme in the pathogenesis of infertility. As many as 156 infertile patients were enrolled into the study, 420 rats Wistar used. Infertility resulted from varicocele, cryptorchism, epididymitis, prostatitis, obstruction of the deferent duct as well as from effects of electromagnetic field. It has been ascertained that progression of structural disorders of the intraorganic and haemomicrocirculatory bed of the testis is directly related to worsening of spermogramme indicators. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 9138788 SOURCE: Lik Sprava 1996 Oct-Dec;(10-12):132-5 15 NLM CIT. ID: 96288036 TITLE: [A possible therapeutic improvement of the antibacterial effect by monitoring the production of leukocyte free oxygen radicals during antibiotic treatment of infertile patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Possibile ottimizzazione terapeutica dell'effetto antibatterico attraverso il monitoraggio della produzione leucocitaria di RLO durante antibiotico-terapia in pazienti infertili con prostatite cronica batterica. AUTHORS: Vicari E; Sidoti G; Mongioi A AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Istituto Clinica Medica I, Universita di Catania. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Ita REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Quinolone) 0 (Antibiotics) 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide) 0 (Free Radicals) 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species) ABSTRACT: In the male chronic accessory gland bacterial infections (AGBI), antibiotic treatment (AT) efficacy usually evaluates the antimicrobial outcome through one or more spermiocolture (SC) become negative. Recently, bacterial olipeptide fMPL has been used to detect a specific Radical Oxygen Species production by leukocytes (L-RLO), even when they are present at low concentrations in sperm fractions specimens. In the male AGBI could be present endogenous fMLP at sufficient levels to produce L chemiotaxis in the semen, and secondly active their specific L-RLO production, till when bacteriospermia remained positive. In the Percoll 50% (Pc50%) fraction, at higher L concentrations, from 22 infertile patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis (BP) and enrolled to a randomly AT treatment with a Quinolone (n = 12) or a Macrolide (n = 10), through two secondary milestones (possible elevated basal L-RLO in the pre-treatment, T0; significant changes in the basal and fMLP-stimulated L-RLO production within each treatment group and between groups), we would verify if a normalized L-RLO production could be taken as break-point for the AT withdrawal before checking SC for control. Indeed, in T0 all patients had positive SC and exhibited both basal and fMLP-stimulated L-RLO levels higher than those observed in 2 control groups (group cA = 10 fertile men, without chronic BP; group cB = 10 patients affected by chronic abacterial prostatitis (AP). On the 3rd AT cycle for 14 days, together in 20/22 AT-treated patients, basal and fMLP-stimulated L-RLO levels become low or normal, as well as their SCs become negative (CFU/ml = 0), whilst in a third control group (group cC) of 10 not-AT-treated BP patients, through matched-follow-up observations, these L-RLO values were always elevated and their SC remained positive (CFU/ml > or = 10(5)). In chronic BP patients, AT seems to demonstrate both antimicrobial effectiveness and reduction of L-RLO production with values similar to those of control group cA. The monitored L-RLO values during AT could be useful in order to ottimize antimicrobial effect: this tool being able to previse SC outcome, could be assumed to define clearly AT break-point and/or cycle numbers. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8713566 SOURCE: Arch Ital Urol Androl 1996 Apr;68(2):91-7 16 NLM CIT. ID: 96230162 TITLE: Transurethral marsupialization of a medial prostatic cyst in patients with prostatitis-like symptoms. AUTHORS: Dik P; Lock TM; Schrier BP; ZeijlemakerBY; Boon TA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Central Military Hospital and University Hospital, Urecht, The Netherlands. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Purpose: The results of transurethral marsupialization as treatment for medial prostatic cysts were assessed. Materials and Methods: Between June 1992 and August 1994 we performed transrectal ultrasound on 704 patients with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction or lower urinary tract symptoms and a medical prostatic cyst was found in 34 (5%). Transurethral marsupialization of the cyst via incision of the prostatic floor under transrectal ultrasound guidance was performed in 18 patients. Followup was 12 to 25 months (mean 18). Results: Patients with a medial prostatic cyst complained of prostatitis-like symptoms (77%), scrotal pain (62%), impaired micturition (32%), small volume ejaculation (35%), painful ejaculation (24%), hemospermia (24%) and infertility (12%). After marsupialization of the cyst, symptoms resolved completely in 14 patients (78%), improved in 17 (94%) and did not improve in only 1 (6%). No complications of this procedure were noted. The 16 patients who did not undergo surgery still complain of prostatitis-like symptoms without evidence of bacterial prostatitis. Conclusions: We believe that a medial prostatic cyst can cause prostatitis-like symptoms and that marsupialization of the cyst can provide symptom relief in the majority of patients. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8632560 SOURCE: J Urol 1996 Apr;155(4):1301-4 17 NLM CIT. ID: 96245926 TITLE: The symptom questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia: an ambiguous indicator for an ambiguous disease. AUTHORS: Stoevelaar HJ; van de Beek C; Nijs HG; Casparie AF McDonnell J; Janknegt RA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Institute for Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To assess the criterion validity of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in urological practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 1414 consecutive men > or = 50 years of age, newly referred to a urologist in a stratified sample of 12 hospitals throughout the Netherlands, who completed the AUA symptom questionnaire at their first visit. The 39 urologists completed a questionnaire on the diagnosis. The discriminative power of the index for BPH versus other urological diagnoses was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Subsequently, criterion sensibility was studied by assessing the effect of particular variables on the probability of the diagnosis of BPH. RESULTS: ROC areas were low for BPH versus prostate cancer (0.57, SE 0.04), chronic prostatitis/prostatodynia (0.65, SE 0.03), and other diseases of the lower urinary tract (0.57, SE 0.04). Satisfactory to good values were found for BPH versus diseases of the upper urinary tract (0.79, SE 0.03), impotence/infertility (0.79, SE 0.04), penile- scrotal diseases (0.85, SE 0.02), and no abnormalities (0.84, SE 0.03). The diagnosis of BPH, as made by urologists in daily practice, appeared to be a weak criterion. Irrespective of other characteristics, the chance of being diagnosed with BPH was affected by differences in definition and the type of hospital. CONCLUSION: Although the AUA index discriminated fairly well between BPH and diseases of the upper urinary tract, as well as genital diseases, it has no potential for distinguishing BPH from other diseases of the lower urinary tract. In addition, the lack of consensus in defining clinical BPH underscores the weakness of the index as a tool in the diagnostic process of this disease. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8800881 SOURCE: Br J Urol 1996 Feb;77(2):181-5 18 NLM CIT. ID: 96113244 TITLE: Transrectal ultrasound in male infertility. AUTHORS: Li MK; Tan HH AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: In the evaluation of the subfertile man who has severe oligospermia or azoospermia associated with a low volume ejaculate, the high resolution transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has, in recent years, been a very important non-invasive imaging technique to detect abnormalities in the seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct and the status of the prostate. We performed TRUS in 30 of these patients from January to December 1994 followed by scrotal exploration with vasogram using methylene blue, inspection of the epdidymis for dilatation and fibrosis together with testicular biopsy to evaluate testicular spermatogenesis and obstruction. Of the 30 patients, 11 were found to have dilated vesicles or ejaculatory duct obstruction. Three had features of prostatitis with calcification or thickened wall of the vesicles and one had an absent vesicle and vas. The remaining 15 patients had normal seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts on TRUS and their testicular biopsies showed atrophy, fibrosis or maturation arrest. Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct (TRU-ED) under TRUS guidance was done for 10 patients with dilated seminal vesicles and 6 of them had normal semen analysis 3 months after operation. Two successful pregnancies were achieved. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8849190 SOURCE: Ann Acad Med Singapore 1995 Jul;24(4):566-8 19 NLM CIT. ID: 96055326 TITLE: Nonbacterial pyospermia: a consequence of clomiphene citrate therapy. AUTHORS: Matthews GJ; Goldstein M; Henry JM; Schlegel PN AUTHOR AFFILIATION: James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, USA. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Fertility Agents, Male) 57-85-2 (Testosterone) 9002-67-9 (LH) 9002-68-0 (FSH) 911-45-5 (Clomiphene) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE--Since the development of nonbacterial pyospermia in previously nonpyospermic men treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) has been observed, and nonbacterial prostatitis has been after antiestrogen treatment in an animal model, we sought characterize the occurrence of nonbacterial pyospermia in men treated with CC. PATIENTS AND METHODS-- Forty-two nonpyospermic men with low serum testosterone levels treated with 25 mg CC/day were retrospectively compared to 27 untreated nonpyospermic men referred for infertility evaluation. RESULTS-- Spontaneous nonbacterial pyospermia developed in CC-treated men [14.3%] at rate nearly twice that observed in controls [7.4%]. Serum testosterone increased in CC-treated men, both pyospermic and nonpyospermic. However, only CC-treated, nonpyospermic men demonstrated improvement in semen characteristics. CC-treated men who developed pyospermia were older than nonpyospermic men [pyospermic, 41.7 +/- 8.1 years; nonpyospermic, 35.6 +/- 4.9 years-P < .01). Men over 35 years of age were over six times as likely to develop pyospermia as men under 35 years of age (P < .05). Eight nonpyospermic, CC-treated men (8/36, 22.2%) have contributed to pregnancies leading to live births, whereas no pyospermic man has done so. CONCLUSION--These findings support an association between a nonbacterial inflammatory response of the human male reproductive tract and CC treatment. This pyospermia may occur without significant deterioration of semen characteristics and with an appropriate response to treatment in terms of serum testosterone level. Men over the age of 35 are statistically more likely to develop pyospermia with this therapy. Our results suggest that clomiphene citrate-associated pyospermia has a negative effect on male fertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8520619 SOURCE: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1995 Jul-Aug;40(4):187-91 20 NLM CIT. ID: 95396721 TITLE: [Efficacy of enoxacin in the treatment of prostatitis-vesiculitis: its absence of toxicity on spermatogenesis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Efficacite de l'enoxacine dans le traitement des prostato-vesiculites: son absence de toxicite sur la spermatogenese. AUTHORS: Barletta D; Monzani F; Gasperi M; Caraccio N Maccanti O; Bellitti P; Bonadio M; Pucci E AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Clinique medicale I, Universite de Pise, Italie. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre REGISTRY NUMBERS: 74011-58-8 (Enoxacin) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: The ability of enoxacin, a second generation quinolone, to diffuse into the seminal fluid both of normal volunteers (n = 10, protocol A) and patients with prostato-vesiculitis and positive sperm cultures (n = 10, protocol B) was investigated. In addition, the microbiological effectiveness and the occurrence of adverse effects on spermatogenesis were evaluated in the patient group. METHODS: Enoxacin was administered in oral doses of 300 mg b.i.d. for two and seven days to volunteers and patients, respectively. Two hours after the last drug administration, blood, semen and urine samples were collected to determine seminal fluid antibiotic concentrations by microbiological agar diffusion assay. In protocol B, sperm cultures and sperm analyses were performed at the end of treatment and repeated at 30 and 90 days follow-ups. RESULTS: In both protocols significant seminal fluid antibiotic concentration was achieved, thus providing evidence for considerable diffusion of the drug into prostate gland and seminal vesicles. Moreover, sperm cultures were sterile in all patients, and semen analysis demonstrated that spermatogenesis was not impaired by antibiotic treatment; on the contrary, 30 days after drug withdrawal percentage sperm motility improved, and the rate of abnormal forms decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of adverse effects, both general and specifically on spermatogenesis, may be related to the restriction of indications and the brevity of the therapeutic cycles. Our results suggest that enoxacin may be successfully and safely used, in short term courses, for the treatment of documented genital tract infection by sensitive organisms. Further studies are needed to thoroughly evaluate the potential adverse effects on fertility of this quinolone, particularly when used for long-term suppressive therapy in patients with chronic urological infections. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7667229 SOURCE: Presse Med 1995 Jun 17;24(22):1025-7 21 NLM CIT. ID: 95269811 TITLE: The biologic significance of white blood cells in semen. AUTHORS: Wolff H AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Autoantibodies) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the data available on the biologic significance of white blood cells (WBC) in semen of infertility patients. DATA RESOURCES: The relevant literature was reviewed. RESULTS: It is not possible to identify reliably WBC by conventional sperm staining techniques. The peroxidase method is sufficient for quantification of granulocytes, but immunocytology is the gold standard for the detection of all WBC populations in semen. Granulocytes are the most prevalent WBC type in semen (50% to 60%), followed by macrophages (20% to 30%) and T-lymphocytes (2% to 5%). The prevalence of leukocytospermia (> 10(6) WBC/mL semen) among male infertility patients is approximately 10% to 20%. There is controversy on the significance of WBC in semen. Whereas some authors did not observe sperm damage in the presence of leukocytospermia, others have found evidence that WBC are significant cofactors of male infertility: [1] seminal WBC numbers were higher in infertility patients than among fertile men; [2] leukocytospermia was associated with decreased sperm numbers and impaired sperm motility; [3] WBC damaged sperm function and hamster ovum penetration in vitro and were important prognostic factors for IVF-ET failure. Because of absence of clinical symptoms, the origin of WBC is difficult to determine. Normally, most WBC appear to originate from the epididymis because vasectomized men show very few WBC in semen. On the other hand, leukocytospermic samples show low citric acid levels, pointing to asymptomatic prostatitis as a source of WBC in semen. Surprisingly, approximately 80% of leukocytospermic samples are microbiologically negative. In some cases Chlamydia trachomatis might have triggered a persistent inflammatory reaction leading to leukocytospermia. Sperm damage by WBC can be mediated by reactive oxygen species, proteases and cytokines. Furthermore, genital tract inflammation facilitates the formation of sperm antibodies. As seminal plasma has strong anti- inflammatory properties and because there is only short contact between sperm and WBC in prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis, inflammations of the epididymis and testis are likely to have the largest impact on sperm. CONCLUSIONS: There is ample evidence that WBC can affect sperm function. Further studies are needed to define cofactors that increase or decrease the risk of sperm damage by WBC. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7750580 SOURCE: Fertil Steril 1995 Jun;63(6):1143-57 22 NLM CIT. ID: 95375516 TITLE: [Clinical and experimental study on composite wuzi dihuang liquor in treating male infertility] AUTHORS: Yang XF; Wei T; Tong J AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Taiyuan Central Hospital. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Chi REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal) 57-85-2 (Testosterone) ABSTRACT: Composite Wuzi Dihuang Liquor (CWDL) in treating male infertility was used. The results showed that the effective rate was 84%. CWDL is indicated in mild and medium idiopathic oligozoospermia. There was some effect in the male infertility which was complicated by prostatitis, varicocele, antisperm antibody positive patients, but was ineffective in severe oligozoospermia, azoospermia, tesicular volume 15ml, endocrinologic and chromatic abnormality. Experimental study revealed that the drug could significantly increase the percentage of reproductivity in mice and could directly safeguard the sperm of male infertility patients. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7647541 SOURCE: Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1995 Apr;15(4):209-12 23 NLM CIT. ID: 95223673 TITLE: [Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis by in situ hybridization (preliminary methodical report)] VERNACULAR TITLE: Chlamydia trachomatis kimutatasa in situ hibridizacioval kronikus prostatitisben (metodikai elozetes kozlemeny). AUTHORS: Kadar A; Bucsek M; Kardos M; Corradi G AUTHOR AFFILIATION: II. Pathologiai Intezet, Semmelweis Orvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Hun ABSTRACT: (Preliminary methodical report). In situ hybridization of Chlamydia trachomatis in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded specimens from the Urology Clinic were performed in 2nd Department of Pathology Semmelweis University of Medicine by a biotin labelled DNA probe. Chlamydia trachomatis is suspected to be responsible for the chronic abacterial inflammation of the prostate besides Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasmae. According to our retrospective study out of 79 biopsy specimens 34 had the diagnosis of chronic abacterial prostatitis. We examined 11 specimens of them. Bacteria were not identified. Three specimens were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis which were improved by transmission electron microscope. The age of patients was between 59 and 81 years. The detection of chlamydia infection rises the suspicion of a "healthy" career and especially at younger age could cause Chlamydia trachomatis associated genital disease. The undiagnosed and untreated diseases may lead to infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7708396 SOURCE: Orv Hetil 1995 Mar 26;136(13):659-62 24 NLM CIT. ID: 95388125 TITLE: Antibiotic and ejaculation treatments improve resolution rate of leukocytospermia in infertile men with prostatitis. AUTHORS: Yamamoto M; Hibi H; Katsuno S; Miyake K AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 8064-90-2 (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination) ABSTRACT: Leukocytospermia has been associated with notable adverse effects on semen parameters and sperm function. The present study was undertaken to identify men with leukocytospermia and prostatitis in an infertility population and assess the effects of various treatments. One million white blood cells (WBC)/ml semen was defined as leukocytospermia. An expressed prostatic fluid was analyzed for the presence of white blood cells. The presence of more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion was needed for the diagnosis of prostatitis. Those men who had more than one million WBCs in their semen and more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion were enrolled in this study. Of two hundred sixty-three men screened for the presence of leukocytospermia and prostatitis, forty-eight men met both criteria. They were blindly and randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 2 were treated with trimethoprim 80 mg- sulfamethoxazole 400 mg (TMP-SMX) orally twice per day for one month. Group 3 were treated not only with the same antibiotic regimen as group 2 but also were instructed to ejaculate frequently (at least once every three days) for one month. Significant resolution of leukocytospermia occurred in the order of patient groups 3 > 2 > 1 at one month. The resolution rate of leukocytospermia of each group was 76% in group 3, 56% in group 2 and 6.7% in group 1. The rates in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7659146 SOURCE: Nagoya J Med Sci 1995 Mar;58(1-2):41-5 25 NLM CIT. ID: 95075548 TITLE: [Varicocele and infertility: clinical framework and therapeutic approach] VERNACULAR TITLE: Varicocele e infertilita: inquadramento clinico ed atteggiamento terapeutico. AUTHORS: Sciannameo F; Alberti D; de Sol A; Caselli M Madami C; Ronca P AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Istituto di Patologia Chirurgica (R)-Sede in Terni, Universita degli Studi di Perugia. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ita REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) 0 (Antibiotics) 0 (Hormones) ABSTRACT: A diagnostic-therapeutic protocol which can be used in patients affected with varicocele, in order to obtain a complete clinical study of them and try to improve functional results of therapy, is described. The aims of this protocol are: precise diagnosis of venous refluxes, examination of testicular functionality, detection of possible associated pathologies which can cause infertility, establishment of correct indication to hormonal postoperative therapy. The rapid surgical correction of venous stasis, the treatment of prostatic phlogosis, often concomitant, and, in selected patients, the use of hormonal therapy, can improve functional results in the treatment of this pathology. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7984325 SOURCE: Minerva Ginecol 1994 Sep;46(9):467-72 26 NLM CIT. ID: 95195699 TITLE: [Echography in prostatitis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Ecografia nelle flogosi prostatiche. AUTHORS: Vespasiani G; Virgili G; Giurioli A; Di Stasi SM Torelli F; Valitutti M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Cattedra di Urologia, Universita de l'Aquila. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ita ABSTRACT: In many infertile patients abnormalities in sperm are due to prostatic inflammatory disease. In the male reproductive system temporary episodes of inflammation, caused by newly discovered micro-organisms such as Chlamydia Trachomatis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum, may occur frequently and cause sub-clinical inflammation. This rapidly became chronic and induce the development of anti-spermatozoon antibodies. This latent clinical pattern and lack of symptoms often means diagnosis is late and medical treatment inadequate. In recent years attention has been focused on transrectal ultrasonography as a possible gold standard for diagnosing prostatic inflammatory disease. Widespread use of technologically advanced instruments has significantly improved the quality and definition of prostatic images. This paper discusses the current role of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of prostatic inflammatory disease. Abnormalities in the ultrasound pattern, caused by infection, are analyzed in detail and discussed critically in order to assess their role as markers of prostatic inflammation. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7889070 SOURCE: Arch Ital Urol Androl 1994 Sep;66(4 Suppl):37-40 27 NLM CIT. ID: 95114036 TITLE: Comparison of PCR with culture for detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in clinical samples from patients with urogenital infections. AUTHORS: Teng K; Li M; Yu W; Li H; Shen D; Liu D AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Medical Genetics, Western Region Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjian, People's Republic of China. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Culture Media) ABSTRACT: PCR was compared with culture for the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in 50 specimens, including sperm, urine, and prostate secretions, from hospital patients with urogenital infections. Five positive and a further four doubtful diagnoses were made by culture, whereas PCR detected U. urealyticum in 12 samples. PCR also was faster than culturing. The increased sensitivity and shorter time requirement of PCR support its further development for the diagnosis of U. urealyticum infection. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7814552 SOURCE: J Clin Microbiol 1994 Sep;32(9):2232-4 28 NLM CIT. ID: 94341406 TITLE: Efficacy of treatment and recurrence rate of leukocytospermia in infertile men with prostatitis. AUTHORS: Branigan EF; Muller CH AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Seattle 98105. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To identify men with leukocytospermia and prostatitis in an infertility practice and evaluate the effect of various treatments and recurrence rates after treatment. DESIGN: A prospective randomized trial of men with leukocytospermia. SETTING: Academic tertiary infertility clinic. PATIENTS: One hundred two men with leukocytosperimia identified on smear of semen using Bryan-Leishman stain and in expressed prostatic secretion. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment groups were no treatment group; antibiotic treatment alone group; frequent ejaculation alone group; and antibiotic treatment with frequent ejaculation group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resolution of leukocytospermia on semen smear. RESULTS: Significant resolution of leukocytospermia occurred in all treatment groups at 1 month compared with no treatment. The resolution was sustained at 2 and 3 months only in those who took antibiotics and frequently ejaculated. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment, frequent ejaculation, and antibiotic treatment with frequent ejaculation effectively treat leukocytospermia immediately after the treatment phase. However, only antibiotic treatment coupled with frequent ejaculation is effective 3 months after treatment. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7520396 SOURCE: Fertil Steril 1994 Sep;62(3):580-4 29 NLM CIT. ID: 94341405 TITLE: In vitro fertilization in couples with previous fertilization failure using sperm incubated with pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine. AUTHORS: Tournaye H; Janssens R; Verheyen G; Devroey P Van Steirteghem A AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Brussels Free University, Belgium. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether incubation of spermatozoa with both pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine would improve fertilization rates in couples with previous IVF failure. DESIGN: Autocontrolled design in which sibling oocytes were inseminated at random in vitro with spermatozoa treated or not treated by pentoxifylline and 2- deoxyadenosine. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oocyte quality, sperm motility, fertilization in vitro, and embryo quality. RESULTS: Sperm motility was found optimized by metabolic stimulation using pentoxifylline and 2- deoxyadenosine. The mean fertilization rate per patient was 33.1% in the treatment group compared with 37.0% in the control group. The mean cleavage rate per patient was 79.6% for treatment versus 68.7% for control embryos. No differences in embryo quality were noted. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that an indiscriminate use of pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine is not beneficial to fertilization in couples with previous IVF failure. Further prospective research may be needed to assess the benefit of pentoxifylline and 2-deoxyadenosine in patients selected by preliminary functional in vitro tests. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7520395 SOURCE: Fertil Steril 1994 Sep;62(3):574-9 30 NLM CIT. ID: 94252431 TITLE: Reduced semen quality caused by chronic abacterial prostatitis: an enigma or reality? AUTHORS: Leib Z; Bartoov B; Eltes F; Servadio C AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is an inter-relationship between chronic abacterial prostatitis and potential infertility. DESIGN: As part of the eligibility studies for hyperthermia treatment for chronic abacterial prostatitis patients, a large number of chronic prostatitis patients were referred to us from peripheral outpatient clinics. Sperm analysis was a routine portion of the eligibility studies. To exclude bacterial prostatitis, urine cultures, expressed prostatic secretion, and semen cultures were performed. The patient population was not differentiated on the basis of those suffering from either nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia according to the commonly accepted classification. The control group was the laboratory normal standard group. SETTING: Normal human volunteers in an academic and clinical research environment. PATIENTS: The first group includes 86 patients suffering from long-standing (1 to 20 years) chronic abacterial prostatitis, according to the commonly accepted classification, with a mean age of 39.9 +/- 9.5 years. The second group includes 101 normal fertile men with a mean age of 31.4 +/- 5.5 years. INTERVENTIONS: The routine semen analysis performed included biochemical tests of seminal plasma, bacteriology, and light microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The original hypothesis was based on a reduction in semen quality in these patients caused by chronic abacterial prostatitis. Measurements for sperm motility parameters, morphology characteristics, prostate markers, and white blood cells (WBC) were designed accordingly. RESULTS: Statistical comparisons of the two groups showed that several sperm motility parameters, morphology characteristics, prostate markers, and WBC are outside of the normal value ranges in the chronic abacterial prostatitis group. In addition, there is a correlation between the duration of the disease and two important sperm analysis variables: increased prostatic markers and appearance of sperm morphological defects. CONCLUSION: From the results obtained, the high incidence of secondary infertility in these patients may be explained. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8194626 SOURCE: Fertil Steril 1994 Jun;61(6):1109-16 31 NLM CIT. ID: 94328301 TITLE: [Role of transrectal echography in the evaluation of male infertility. Apropos of 91 studies] VERNACULAR TITLE: Place de l'echographie transrectale dans le bilan d'infertilite masculine. A propos de 91 explorations. AUTHORS: Boyer L; Hermabessiere J; Boyer-Medeville C Boissier A; Viallet JF AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Medicale, CHRU, Clermont-Ferrand. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre ABSTRACT: Ninety-one infertile men with oligospermia and normal FSH serum level have been explored by transrectal ultrasound, biochemical sperm study and spermoculture. Ultrasound data concerning ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles and prostate distinguished images evocative of constitutive abnormalities (18 patients, whom sperm fructosis level was low in only one among 12) and images evocative of inflammatory processes (44 patients, whom limited correlations with biological datas were found). Transrectal ultrasound appears as a complement of biological data in infertile man evaluation, offering a better approach of vesiculo-deferentography's indication. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8051685 SOURCE: J Radiol 1994 May;75(5):321-6 32 NLM CIT. ID: 94330071 TITLE: [Infections of the ejaculate by sexually transmissible pathogens] VERNACULAR TITLE: Ejakulatinfektionen durch sexuell ubertragbare Erreger. AUTHORS: Ludwig M; Kummel C; Diemer T; Ringert RH AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Andrologische Sprechstunde der Klinik und Poliklinik fur Urologie Georg- August-Universitat Gottingen. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Ger REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Acute-Phase Proteins) ABSTRACT: Certain ejaculate infections can be traced back to sexually transmitted microorganisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Trichomonas vaginalis. To varying extents, these microorganisms cause such classical genital infections as urethritis, epididymitis and prostatitis as well as subclinical genital tract infections. Several different pathomechanisms are under discussion for infection of the ejaculate: reduction of spermatogenesis resulting from testicular damage, autoimmune processes induced by inflammation, direct influence on the spermatozoal function, disturbances in spermatozoal transport, secretory dysfunction of the male accessory sex glands and leukocytospermia with secondary influence on ejaculate parameters. The relevance of these microorganisms for the localization of the inflammatory process within the genital tract are discussed in detail. Their importance for male fertility is a matter of debate. In particular, the significance of C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum, both of which are detectable in the urethra, is still uncertain and cannot be assessed conclusively. Further information allowing delimitation of an infection resulting from bacterial colonization may be provided, on the one hand, by biochemical markers for an inflammatory reaction and indicators of an immune response in the ejaculate, e.g. PMN elastase, complement C3, or coeruloplasmin, and on the other hand, by secretion markers such as alpha-glucosidase, PSA and phosphatase. Whether the assessment of these markers and indicators can help to clarify the inflammatory origin of infertility in individual cases remains doubtful. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7519803 SOURCE: Urologe A 1994 May;33(3):203-10 33 NLM CIT. ID: 94334163 TITLE: Spermagglutination by bacteria: receptor-specific interactions. AUTHORS: Monga M; Roberts JA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) GRANT/CONTRACT ID: RR00164/RR/NCRR DK14681/DK/NIDDK ABSTRACT: The influence of genital infection on infertility has yet to be elucidated. We examined receptor-ligand interactions between sperm and Escherichia coli from patients with prostatitis. Two E. coli surface adhesins (P-fimbriae, type 1 fimbriae) and their specific receptor saccharides (alpha-galp-1-4-beta-galp-O-methyl [gal-gal], mannose) were evaluated. Bacterial concentrations of 10(4) caused spermagglutination. P-fimbriae caused tail-tail spermagglutination that was inhibited by gal-gal. D-mannose concentrations are highest in the acrosomal region and type 1 fimbriae caused head-head agglutination that was inhibited by mannose. Strains with both fimbriae caused head-head and tail-tail agglutination that was inhibited by a mannose/gal-gal combination. E. coli agglutinated 40-75% of motile sperm. Seminal fluid provided 50- 100% protection, with lower effectiveness against type 1 fimbriae. Understanding bacteria-spermatozoa interactions at the receptor-ligand level holds potential for treatment of infertility and development of spermagglutinating contraceptives. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7914518 SOURCE: J Androl 1994 Mar-Apr;15(2):151-6 34 NLM CIT. ID: 94166318 TITLE: [Studies of transrectal prostatic ultrasonography on patients with male infertility] AUTHORS: Kazama T; Oota S; Tsuritani S; Fujiuchi Y; Kimura H Nagakawa O; Fujishiro Y; Takamine T; Fuse H; Katayama T AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Jpn ABSTRACT: The diagnostic significance of transrectal prostatic ultrasonography for chronic prostatitis and varicocele was evaluated in 380 male infertility patients. Of 20 patients with pyospermia, thought to be mainly caused by chronic prostatitis, 10.0 percent showed heterogeneous echo pattern of the prostate, while 25.0 percent showed capsular irregularity. Since 285 patients with non-infected semen showed similar sonographic findings, it is concluded that prostatic ultrasonography has little value in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis in infertile patients. Enlarged periprostatic echo-free zone, thought to coincide with the dilatation of the Santrini's plexus, was found in 42.9 and 42.7 percent of patients with chronic prostatitis and varicocele, respectively, in contrast to 34.0 percent of patients without either diseases. Twelve percent of patients with varicocele showed highly enlarged echo-free zone, which was significantly more frequent compared to 5.0 percent in normal patients. Moreover, follow up of 4 patients with varicocele pre- and post-operatively found 2 of them to show a great improvement in the enlargement of the zone. These results suggest that varicocele may cause the dilation of the Santrini's plexus through a venous anastomosis in some patients and transrectal ultrasonography may be a useful tool in detecting small varicoceles in such patients. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8121113 SOURCE: Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1994 Feb;85(2):302-7 35 NLM CIT. ID: 95219651 TITLE: Infection of the male reproductive tract. AUTHORS: Berger RE AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) 59277-89-3 (Acyclovir) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7704741 SOURCE: Curr Ther Endocrinol Metab 1994;5:305-9 36 NLM CIT. ID: 94144057 TITLE: [The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of secondary male sterility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Etiologiia, patogenez, klinicheskaia kartina i lechenie vtorichnogo muzhskogo besplodiia. AUTHORS: Topka EG; Gorpinchenko II; Malyshkin IN PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, ACADEMIC LANGUAGES: Rus NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7906062 SOURCE: Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1993 Sep-Oct;(5):43-8 37 NLM CIT. ID: 93313653 TITLE: Imaging the prostate. AUTHORS: Clements R AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Clinical Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: There have been major advances in prostate imaging techniques in recent years. Most prostatic imaging is centred on the earlier diagnosis and more accurate staging of cancer but transrectal ultrasonography is also valuable in the assessment of prostatitis, haemospermia, male infertility and prostatic volume measurement before the treatment of outflow tract obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8324591 SOURCE: Br J Hosp Med 1993 May 19-Jun 1;49(10):703-9 38 NLM CIT. ID: 93224191 TITLE: Infection in the male reproductive tract. Impact, diagnosis and treatment in relation to male infertility. AUTHORS: Purvis K; Christiansen E AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Andrology Laboratory, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, ACADEMIC LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: The following are the conclusions that can be derived from a review of the literature regarding the role of infection in the aetiology of male infertility. (i) Temporary inflammatory episodes in the male reproductive tract which are self-limiting are probably common. (ii) Caution should be exercised in the use of leukospermia or bacteriospermia as parameters for glandular infection. (iii) There is a need for alternative techniques for detecting non-symptomatic deep pelvic infections in the male; one technique of great promise is rectal ultrasound. (iv) Rectal ultrasound indicates that a large number of men with poor sperm quality have a non-symptomatic, chronic prostatovesiculitis. (v) Increasing evidence implicates Chlamydia trachomatis as being a major cause of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. (vi) An important aspect of chlamydial infections in men may be that the male accessory sex glands may function as reservoirs for the organism, increasing the probability of infection in the female. (vii) Ureaplasma urealyticum may also play an important aetiological role in male infertility but its significance is confounded by its acknowledged function as a commensal in the reproductive tract. (viii) One of the manifestations of male reproductive tract infection is the induction of sperm autoantibodies. (ix) There is a need for more systematic controlled studies of the effects of antibiotic treatment on sperm quality with different preparations for extended periods using patient groups in which a glandular infection has been verified, e.g. by rectal ultrasonography. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8468091 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1993 Feb;16(1):1-13 39 NLM CIT. ID: 93325156 TITLE: Work-up and management of incidentally found hypoechoic lesions of the testis. AUTHORS: de la Rosette JJ; Karthaus HF; Schaafsma EE van Dijk R AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: This study reviews our experience with the presentation of occult echo- poor lesions of the testis in patients who were seen with problems such as infertility, prostatitis or orchialgia. A range of pathologic problems revealed by scrotal ultrasonography in these patients is presented, and we compared surgical and pathological findings to those of preoperative scrotal ultrasonography. Scrotal ultrasound appears to be a highly sensitive but nonspecific diagnostic technique. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8333088 SOURCE: Urol Int 1993;51(1):23-7 40 NLM CIT. ID: 94340272 TITLE: [State of the reproductive system of men who participated in the cleaning-up of aftereffects of the Chernobyl AES accident] VERNACULAR TITLE: Sostoianie zhelez reproduktivnoi sistemy u muzhchin, uchastvovavshikh v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES. AUTHORS: Evdokimov VV; Erasova VI; Demin AI; Dubinina EB Liubchenko PN PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus ABSTRACT: A total of 164 males aged from 22 to 50, who had taken part in liquidating the consequences of Chernobyl power station accident, was examined. According to the military cards irradiation dose did not exceed 25 cGy. Semen of 125 examinees was studied. One third of examinees showed sexual dysfunction, which did not appear to depend on the irradiation dose. Analyses revealed pathologic changes in semen and ultrasound demonstrated alterations in prostate and seminal vesicles similar to chronic prostatitis and vesiculitis. No typical radiation- induced lesions were discovered. The author suggest assigning infertility and impotence to the list of entitles, which occurred and exacerbated due to liquidating the consequences of Chernobyl power station accident. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 8061982 SOURCE: Med Tr Prom Ekol 1993;(3-4):25-6 41 NLM CIT. ID: 95039156 TITLE: [Value of prostatic massage for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in the male urethra] VERNACULAR TITLE: Interet du massage prostatique pour la mise en evidence de Chlamydia trachomatis dans l'uretre masculin. AUTHORS: Dolivo M; Askienazy-Elbhar M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Service d'urologie de l'Hopital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre. PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate prostatic massage (PM) as diagnostic method of chronic chlamydial infection (possible etiologic agent of male infertility or chronic prostatitis). 105 men were examined. One urethral swabbing and one urine sampling are done before PM. After PM, prostatic fluid is collected spontaneously and in a minimum volume of urine. Chlamydial isolation samples are treated by 3 methods: culture on HeLa 229 cells, immunoenzymology and direct immunofluorescence. Of 107 samplings, 22 were positive. In 13 patients (14 samplings) the result was positive by PM alone. In those cases, prostatic massage was the only way to establish the Chlamydial infection, when urethral swabbing, usual method, is negative. If confirmed, the interest of prostatic massage rests on detection of unknown genital Chlamydial infection, and this, by a non surgical method. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 7951593 SOURCE: Contracept Fertil Sex 1993 Jan;21(1):41-4 42 NLM CIT. ID: 93079040 TITLE: [Andrologic significance of genital mycoplasma] VERNACULAR TITLE: A genitalis mycoplasmak andrologiai jelentosege. AUTHORS: Corradi G; Molnar G; Panovics J AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Urologiai Klinika, Semmelweis Orvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Hun ABSTRACT: The authors investigated the effect of genital mycoplasma infection of fertility. The rate of silent mycoplasma infection was studied in asymptomatic andrological patients (655 persons) and in a control group of so called "chronic prostatitis" (1085) patients with clinical symptoms. In the asymptomatic andrological group the urethral smear was positive in 12.5% of cases, the ejaculate in 22.0% of cases. In the "chronic prostatitic" group mycoplasma infection was present in urethral smear in 34.8% of cases, and in the ejaculate in 37.0% of cases. The isolation showed that 29.2% of positive ejaculate samples contained M. hominis, and 70.8% of samples was infected by U. urealyticum. For investigating the effect of mycoplasma infection on the male fertilization capacity, infected and non infected andrological patients was compared by conventional andrological parameters and by modern functional tests like bovin mucus penetration test, hypoosmotic swelling test and swim up procedure. All the modern parameters and one of the conventional tests (sperm motility) showed a significant difference between the two groups. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1448275 SOURCE: Orv Hetil 1992 Nov 29;133(48):3085-8 43 NLM CIT. ID: 93026335 TITLE: [Significant bacteriospermia. Value and limits of sperm count in andrology] VERNACULAR TITLE: A szignifikans bakteriospermia. A csiraszamlalas jelentosege es hatarai az andrologiaban. AUTHORS: Corradi G; Molnar G; Panovics J; Lindeisz F AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Urologiai Klinika, Semmelweis Orvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Hun ABSTRACT: The data concerning bacteriospermia--are very different in the literature. Asymptomatic andrologic patients, and as control group-- patients of the outpatient department for male adnexitis--were studied. Cultivation of aerobic bacteria and mycoplasmas has been recently accomplished by quantitative bacteriological analysis and chlamydia diagnostic. The microbiological screening of 210 andrologic patients ejaculate has given the following results: 19.6% were sterile, 21.0% were colonised by apathogens, 59.1% were positive: 6.2% Mycoplasma hominis, 15.8% Ureaplasma urealyticum, 13.3% Chlamydia trachomatis, 51.9% other aerobic pathogens. 27.6% of samples contained more then one kind of bacteria strains. Quantitative isolation of aerobics and mycoplasmas in both andrological and male adnexitis patients groups showed the following distribution. In the andrologic groups 14.7% of samples contained 10(4) CFU/ml, 9.6% more than 10(4) CFU/ml aerobic bacteria; in the male adnexitis group nearly twice higher values could be observed (20.2% and 19.5%). The distribution of mycoplasma CFU/ml was the following; andrologie group: 20.1% of samples contained 10(4) mycoplasma CFU/ml, 37.5% more than 10(4) CFU/ml; in the male adnixitis group the identical values: 22.9%, 66.9%. Chi 2 statistical analysis showed significant difference ((p = 0.000) in the distribution of data in the two groups. On the other hand both of the groups contained all kinds of bacteriological concentration and even negative cases. Therefore authors suggest more biochemical investigations for detecting inflammatory diseases. Spermaparameters (motility and progressive motility) of andrological patients, divided by sperm concentration (cell number above and under 20 million/ml) and the degree of infection (non infected, slightly infected, and above 10(4) CFU/ml) were significantly different in the seriously infected group by variance analysis (p = 0.000). NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1408103 SOURCE: Orv Hetil 1992 Oct 25;133(43):2759-62, 2765-6 44 NLM CIT. ID: 92368291 TITLE: Epidermal growth factor contents in seminal plasma as a marker of prostatic function. AUTHORS: Fuse H; Sakamoto M; Okumura M; Katayama T AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 62229-50-9 (Epidermal Growth Factor) 7440-66-6 (Zinc) ABSTRACT: Epidermal growth factor (EGF), first identified in extracts from submaxillary salivary glands of adult male mice, acts as a potent mitogen in a wide variety of cells and tissues in culture. Human EGF, a polypeptide of 53 amino acids isolated from human urine, has been identified in several biological fluids, including prostatic fluid and seminal plasma. Epidermal growth factor content in seminal plasma was measured by RIA. The EGF content in seminal fluid did not change after bilateral vasectomy and the first fraction of sample obtained by split ejaculation contained a significantly larger amount of EGF than the second fraction. Seminal EGF originates from the prostate. There was a close correlation between EGF and zinc contents in seminal fluid. The seminal fluid EGF content was lowered in patients with prostatitis and systemic androgen deficiency. The EGF content in seminal fluid seems to be a reliable indicator of prostatic function. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1503528 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1992 Jul-Aug;29(1):79-85 45 NLM CIT. ID: 92368289 TITLE: Glutathione therapy for male infertility. AUTHORS: Lenzi A; Lombardo F; Gandini L; Culasso F; Dondero F AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University Laboratory of Seminology & Immunology of Reproduction, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Autoantibodies) 70-18-8 (Glutathione) ABSTRACT: Eleven infertile men were treated with glutathione (600 mg/day IM) for 2 months. The patients were suffering from dyspermia associated with various andrological pathologies. Standard semen and computer analyses of sperm motility were carried out before treatment and after 30 and 60 days of therapy. Glutathione exerted significant effect on sperm motility patterns. Glutathione appears to have a therapeutic effect on some andrological pathologies causing male infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1503526 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1992 Jul-Aug;29(1):65-8 46 NLM CIT. ID: 92241993 TITLE: Sperm chromatin stability and zinc binding properties in semen from men in barren unions. AUTHORS: Kjellberg S; Bjorndahl L; Kvist U AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Chromatin) 0 (Ligands) 7440-66-6 (Zinc) ABSTRACT: Sperm chromatin stability and zinc binding properties were studied in semen samples from 115 men living in barren unions. Of these men, 26% had a high proportion of swelling sperm, i.e. less than 80% sperm with stable chromatin after exposure to the detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate. From 2-67% of seminal zinc was bound to high molecular weight ligands of vesicular origin (HMW). This shows that, among infertile men, liquefied seminal plasma has huge variations in zinc chelating properties. The relationship between prostatic palpatory status, the proportion of abnormal sperm, the percentage zinc bound to HMW (HMW- Zn), the time between ejaculation and analysis and chromatin stability were studied. Samples with low chromatin stability were found more frequently in men with low HMW-Zn levels in semen. The proportion of stable sperm decreased in samples with prolonged exposure to seminal plasma. Neither the proportion of stable sperm heads nor the percentage zinc bound to HMW could be used to predict the future chances of the infertile men fathering children when studied 15-180 min after ejaculation. To differentiate between initial zinc-dependent stability and superstability developed in seminal plasma, other more sensitive methods must be developed. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1572725 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1992 Apr;15(2):103-13 47 NLM CIT. ID: 92213888 TITLE: Semen quality and chronic abacterial prostatitis [letter; comment] AUTHORS: Schlegel PN COMMENTS: Comment on: Urology 1991 Dec;38(6):545-9 PUBLICATION TYPES: COMMENT LETTER LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1557858 SOURCE: Urology 1992 Apr;39(4):395 48 NLM CIT. ID: 93069709 TITLE: Evaluation of seminal vesicle characteristics by ultrasonography before and after ejaculation. AUTHORS: Fuse H; Okumura A; Satomi S; Kazama T; Katayama T AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Twenty males underwent transrectal ultrasonography before and after ejaculation to examine possible alterations that could influence interpretation of seminal vesicle ultrasonography. The preejaculation length of 35 mm was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 30 mm after ejaculation. The mean width of the seminal vesicles was 13 mm before and 11 mm after ejaculation. The seminal vesicle volume was significantly diminished after ejaculation (p < 0.05). It therefore seems important to maintain a period of abstinence when evaluating the seminal vesicles by ultrasonography. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1441010 SOURCE: Urol Int 1992;49(2):110-3 49 NLM CIT. ID: 92081137 TITLE: Sperm quality in men with chronic abacterial prostatovesiculitis verified by rectal ultrasonography [see comments] AUTHORS: Christiansen E; Tollefsrud A; Purvis K AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Andrology Laboratory, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. COMMENTS: Comment in: Urology 1992 Apr;39(4):395 PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Semen analyses were performed on 50 men with chronic abacterial prostatovesiculitis (CPV) and 25 asymptomatic control subjects. All subjects had had symptoms of at least three months' duration, and the diagnosis was verified by rectal ultrasonography and after microbiologic culture of seminal plasma. Fifty-eight percent had increased concentrations of leukocytes (greater than 1 x 10(6)/mL) in the ejaculate compared with 15 percent in the controls. Only 10 percent of the CPV subjects could be classified as normospermic compared with 60 percent in the controls. The incidence of severe disturbances in sperm quality and azoospermia was also four times greater in the CPV group. Neither the degree of leukospermia nor the ultrasonographic findings could predict the extent of the disturbance in sperm quality. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1746084 SOURCE: Urology 1991 Dec;38(6):545-9 50 NLM CIT. ID: 92016237 TITLE: Chlamydiae as pathogens--an overview of diagnostic techniques, clinical features, and therapy of human infections. AUTHORS: Oehme A; Musholt PB; Dreesbach K AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Westfalische Wilhelms- Universitat Munster. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Chlamydiae are Gram-negative bacteria with obligate intracellular reproduction and disability to synthesize high-energy compounds such as ATP. Their cycle of development is unique among the prokaryotes: the host cells, mainly epithelial cells, are infected by so-called elementary bodies (EB) which undergo reorganization to form metabolically active reticulate bodies (RB). These RB multiply by binary fission, and after transition into infectious EB they are released within 48-72 hours. Chlamydiae cause prolonged subclinical infections of the conjunctiva, lung, cervix, and urethra. Complications in newborns are inclusion conjunctivitis, nasopharyngitis and pneumonia; in females, salpingitis, infertility, and perihepatitis; in male patients, epididymitis and prostatitis; and in both sexes, Chlamydiae-induced arthritis. Identification of the pathogenic agent confirms clinical diagnosis; tissue culture identification remains the diagnostic method of choice. Therapeutical drugs are tetracycline, erythromycin, josamycin, and in certain cases quinolone derivatives. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 1921229 SOURCE: Klin Wochenschr 1991 Aug 1;69(11):463-73 51 NLM CIT. ID: 91215410 TITLE: Chronic abacterial prostatitis and hyperthermia. A possible new treatment? AUTHORS: Servadio C; Leib Z AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Institute of Urology, Beilinson Medical Centre, Petah Tiqva, Israel. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: A group of 45 patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia underwent 6 weekly, 1-hour sessions of local deep microwave hyperthermia (42.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) to the prostate. All patients had a long history of symptoms typical of the condition. They all failed to respond to a variety of conventional treatments administered over several years by various specialists. Each patient served as his own control before and after the hyperthermic treatment. The results of this study are encouraging: 25% showed a sustained and complete loss of symptoms and 50% had a partial response; the remaining 25% reported no improvement. These results open up new possibilities in the treatment of this condition, which has so far responded poorly to conventional therapy. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2021822 SOURCE: Br J Urol 1991 Mar;67(3):308-11 52 NLM CIT. ID: 91131182 TITLE: Generation of reactive oxygen species in subgroups of infertile men. AUTHORS: D'Agata R; Vicari E; Moncada ML; Sidoti G Calogero AE; Fornito MC; Minacapilli G; Mongioi A; Polosa P AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Italy. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 521-31-3 (Luminol) 52665-69-7 (Calcimycin) 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ABSTRACT: The capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), both basally and after stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187, was examined in the motile fraction of sperm isolated after swim-up from the semen of 10 naturally fertile men and three groups of infertile patients. The latter included: (1) men with a non-bacterial inflammation of the genital tract (n = 10); (2) men unable to impregnate their partners during an intra-uterine insemination programme (IUI) (n = 8) and their matched controls (n = 6); and (3) men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) who remained infertile after induction of spermatogenesis with gonadotrophin or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone therapy (n = 3) and their matched controls (n = 3). The levels of ROS production were elevated in the sperm of some infertile men with inflammation of the genital tract compared to those found in 10 naturally fertile men. In addition, sperm from those patients who remained infertile after an IUI programme produced higher amounts of ROS compared to their control group who became fertile. Similarly, the production of ROS by sperm from three patients with HH who remained infertile was significantly higher than those of the three men who became fertile. These data suggest that an excessive production of ROS by sperm may explain some cases of idiopathic male infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2283180 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1990 Oct;13(5):344-51 53 NLM CIT. ID: 90354110 TITLE: Granulocyte elastase levels do not correlate with anaerobic and aerobic bacterial growth in seminal plasma from infertile men. AUTHORS: Cumming JA; Dawes J; Hargreave TB AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University Department of Surgery/Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 3.4.21.36 (Pancreatic Elastase) 0 (Biological Markers) ABSTRACT: Seminal culture and leucocyte elastase measurements were undertaken on samples from 30 men attending an infertility clinic. Elastase levels over 1000 ng ml-1 were obtained in 14 men and positive bacterial culture in 11 men, but there was no correlation between these two sets of measurements. While granulocyte elastase measurement in semen may reflect inflammation, our study suggests that it cannot be used as a simple marker of infection particularly in a population such as ours where the prevalence of prostatitis and genital infection is low. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2387647 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1990 Aug;13(4):273-7 54 NLM CIT. ID: 90350204 TITLE: Association of antisperm antibodies with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis [see comments] AUTHORS: Jarow JP; Kirkland JA Jr; Assimos DG AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. COMMENTS: Comment in: Urology 1991 Feb;37(2):185 PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Autoantibodies) ABSTRACT: Antisperm antibodies are significant in male factor infertility. The prevalence of antisperm antibodies in the infertile population is approximately 10 percent, and it is not cost-effective to test for these antibodies in every male partner of an infertile marriage. Earlier studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of antisperm antibodies among men with a history of bacterial prostatitis or urethritis. Because of this established association, we measured the prevalence of serum antisperm antibodies, using a gel agglutination assay, in 28 men with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and in age- matched control group of 69 men without a history of prostatitis. The prevalence was 25 percent (test subjects) and 7.2 percent (controls) (p less than 0.05). This finding indicates that nonbacterial prostatitis is a risk factor for the presence of serum antisperm antibodies and that subfertile men with a history of nonbacterial prostatitis should be tested for these antibodies. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2385884 SOURCE: Urology 1990 Aug;36(2):154-6 55 NLM CIT. ID: 90372506 TITLE: [Cases of Down's syndrome in children of young parents with chronic inflammatory genital diseases and secondary disorders of spermatogenesis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Sluchai rozhdeniia detei s bolezn'iu Dauna u molodykh roditelei, stradaiushchikh khronicheskim vospaleniem genitalii i vtorichnymi narusheniiami spermatogeneza. AUTHORS: Markarian DS; Popova EA; Arshba AM; Sulukhiia RV Cherkeziia GK PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus ABSTRACT: Nine births affected by Down's disease in young families are reported. The mean age of fathers was 28.5 years and that of mothers 25.2 years. History revealed no parental exposures to occupational or household adverse factors or nutritional contaminants. The parents had normal karyotypes. However, a history of urogenital disease 1-3 years before the affected births was elucidated in all 9 families: three cases of gonorrhea, one case of trichomoniasis and nonspecific inflammation in the rest. After visits to genetic counseling clinics torpid urogenital infections were identified in all 9 couples: nonspecific prostatitis and urethroprostatitis in fathers, hysterosalpingoophoritis and vaginal dysbacteriosis in mothers. Teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia with abnormal sperm cell proportions of 56 to 92% occurred in the fathers. It is suggested that infectious-toxic disorders of chromosomal segregation during the meiosis may be a paternal cause of trisomy 21. The same mechanism is feasible in mothers. After reversal of urogenital infections and normalization of spermograms normal infants were born in 7 of 9 families, the other 2 currently refrain from childbirth. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2144410 SOURCE: Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1990 May;(5):38-41 56 NLM CIT. ID: 90286349 TITLE: [Clinical significance of anti-sperm antibody assay] AUTHORS: Hashimoto M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Clinical Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Jpn REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Autoantibodies) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2355578 SOURCE: Nippon Rinsho 1990 Feb;48 Suppl:569-72 57 NLM CIT. ID: 90219542 TITLE: [Studies on pyospermia in male infertility] AUTHORS: Satoh S; Satoh K; Orikasa S; Maehara I; Takahashi M Hiramatsu M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Urology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Jpn REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 3.4.21.36 (Pancreatic Elastase) ABSTRACT: Among 670 infertile men, 72 were diagnosed as pyospermia according to our criteria. i.e., WBC greater than or equal to 10/hpf semen. The sperm motile efficiency index (SMEI) which indicates the rate of progressively motile sperms, was significantly low in pyospermic group compared with that of non-pyospermic men (WBC less than 5/hpf semen). From the result of split ejaculation, a major cause of pyospermia was supposed to be chronic prostatitis. The SMEI was decreased immediately after addition of the neutrophils and granulocyte elastase to semen. The mean value of granulocyte elastase in pyospermic group was 2859.6 micrograms/L, whereas that of non-pyospermic men was 131.6 micrograms/L. In summary, granulocyte elastase in seminal plasma may be a cause of inhibition of sperm motility in pyospermic state. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2325312 SOURCE: Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1990 Feb;81(2):170-7 58 NLM CIT. ID: 90148106 TITLE: Ureaplasmas and human disease. AUTHORS: O'Leary WM AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Microbiology Department, Cornell University Medical College, New York City. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, ACADEMIC LANGUAGES: Eng NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2405877 SOURCE: Crit Rev Microbiol 1990;17(3):161-8 59 NLM CIT. ID: 90379434 TITLE: [Immunological studies of patients with chronic nonspecific prostatitis and infertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Imunologichni prouchvaniia pri bolni s khronichen nespetsifichen prostatit i infertilitet. AUTHORS: Stanislavov R; Tsvetkov D; Tsvetkova P PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Bul REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Blood Proteins) ABSTRACT: The authors studied carried out immunological studies on 20 men with chronic nonspecific prostatitis at reproductive age as well as on 10 healthy men included into the control group. Correlative investigations were made on the morphology of the ejaculate as well as on immunological parameters of seminal plasma aiming to establish the degree of the disturbed fertility. The immunological investigations included determination of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins in the seminal plasma. In men with chronic prostatitis there was a reduction in the number of spermatozoa up to 39 mln/cm3 combined with lower motility and an increased percentage of teratoforms. The immunological studies showed statistically significant nonincreased values in all men with chronic prostatitis in comparison with healthy men of the control group. These results show that increased permeability of barriers of blood serum proteins participates in the pathogenesis of the disturbed fertility. It is apparent that the cause for sterility in the married couples is due to autoimmune process occurring in men with chronic nonspecific prostatitis. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2400062 SOURCE: Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 1990;29(2):57-61 60 NLM CIT. ID: 91174562 TITLE: [Contribution of echography to the study of the andrologic patient] VERNACULAR TITLE: Aportacion de la ecografia al estudio del paciente andrologico. AUTHORS: Boronat F; Broseta E; Oliver F; Vera C; Vidal J Jimenez JF AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Servicio de Urologia, Hospital de La Fe, Valencia, Espana. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Spa ABSTRACT: Our experience in the ultrasonographic evaluation of the prostate and seminal vesicles in prostatitis and male infertility are reported herein. In our view, this noninvasive imaging technique must be performed before recurring to other methods that involve manipulation. Similarly, we discuss the possibilities of duplex Doppler in the diagnosis of vascular disorders in the male consulting for impotence. We believe this simple noninvasive imaging technique can significantly reduce the number of patients that may require cavernosometry and cavernosography. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2078062 SOURCE: Arch Esp Urol 1990;43 Suppl 1:101-7 61 NLM CIT. ID: 90019546 TITLE: [Treatment of male genital infections with enoxacin] VERNACULAR TITLE: Trattamento delle flogosi genitali maschili con enoxacina. AUTHORS: Giorgi PM; Giorgi P; Canale D; Turchi P; Poggi MS Di Coscio M; Bartelloni M; Meschini P; Andreini F; Campa M; et al PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ita REGISTRY NUMBERS: 74011-58-8 (Enoxacin) ABSTRACT: Inflammatory disease such as prostatitis and prostatovesiculitis, can affect the fertility potential of the male population. In this study, the Authors tested the therapeutical efficacy of a second generation quinolone, enoxacin, in patients suffering from vesicular and/or prostatic inflammations. This drug has been shown to diffuse into the prostatic fluid, achieving therapeutical concentrations either in acute or chronic pathological conditions. Thirty infertile patients referring to our Andrology Center and showing seminal signs (leukocytes, abnormal sperm forms, chemical and physical alterations, etc) of genital tract inflammations were found to have positive sperm culture for enoxacin- sensitive strains. Further investigations (echotomography) showed that they were affected by prostatic and/or vesicular subacute chronic inflammations. The mean age was 32.2 (range 20-36) ys. All the patients discontinued any previous treatment for at least 90 days. Enoxacin was administered at the dose of 300 mg b.i.d. for two cycles of 10 days each, with intervals of 20 days. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment (days 0 and 60), semen analysis and culture were performed. A paired-T test was employed for the statistical evaluation of data. 26.6% of patients ad an altered fluidification before treatment. Only 10.0% of them showed the same sign after treatment. A condition of hyperviscosity was present in 50% and 16.6% of patients before and after treatment respectively. Likewise, an elevated number of leukocytes (greater than 10(6)/ml) occurred in the ejaculates of 43.3% of patients and in 23.3% after enoxacin treatment. Enoxacin treatment was efficacious in 89.2% of cases, in presence of either Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2529639 SOURCE: Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl 1989 Sep;61(3):235-41 62 NLM CIT. ID: 89370718 TITLE: [Sexually transmitted diseases as causes of disorders of male fertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Sexuell ubertragbare Krankheiten als Ursachen mannlicher Fertilitatsstorungen. AUTHORS: Krause W; Weidner W AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Abt. Andrologie, Med. Zentrum fur Hautkrankheiten, Philipps-Universitat Marburg. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Ger ABSTRACT: Infections with sexually transmitted germs may affect the male fertility in different ways. Possible consequences are impairment of the spermatogenesis, induction of auto-immune mechanisms, spermatodysfunction, and inflammatory occlusion of the ejaculatory duct. Only in high concentrations, bacteria (e.g. E. coli) may result in reducing the motility of spermatozoa. The germ counts observed under clinical conditions, however, do not come up with these high levels. The same is true for mycoplasmas. As a whole, sexually transmitted infections only play a minor role with regard to male infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2672650 SOURCE: Z Hautkr 1989 Jul 15;64(7):596, 599-601 63 NLM CIT. ID: 89161733 TITLE: [Infection of the sperm in male sterility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Infection du sperme dans la sterilite masculine. AUTHORS: Arvis G AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Service d'Andro-Urologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibodies) ABSTRACT: Sperm infection is a classic cause of infertility. But, it cannot be considered without a minimum of precautions. First, infection of the sperm must be proven (presence of altered leucocytes, even higher than 10(5) or 10(6)/ml is not sufficient). What are the consequences of sperm infection? For many germs, especially chlamydiae and mycoplasma, the effect on sperm is not recognized or demonstrated. Once the infection is recognized, an etiology must be found: unrecognized chronic urethritis, prostatitis and/or chronic vesiculitis, chronic epididymitis. The infection must be adequately treated: according to the germ, according to the results of the resistance to antibiotics, according to the etiology. The author concludes that a true sperm infection is very rare; but it must be looked for as soon as it is suspected, especially in patients with a recent history of genital infection. Therefore an effective treatment of infertility is possible. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2922539 SOURCE: Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1989 Feb;84(2):106-8 64 NLM CIT. ID: 89213548 TITLE: Study of the accuracy of physical and biochemical markers in semen to detect infectious dysfunction of the accessory sex glands. AUTHORS: Comhaire FH; Vermeulen L; Pieters O AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Internal Medicine, State University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-Glutamyltransferase) EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) 0 (Biological Markers) 0 (Citrates) 30237-26-4 (Fructose) 77-92-9 (Citric Acid) ABSTRACT: Infection of the male accessory sex glands may result in impaired secretory function and alteration of the composition of seminal plasma. Using receiver operating characteristic curves and accuracy tests, the power of several biochemical and physical markers was evaluated for their ability to discriminate between semen of infected and noninfected infertile men. The total output of citric acid had the strongest discriminating power, followed by acid phosphatase and gamma- glutamyltranspeptidase. Measurement of the concentration of fructose was found to be nondiscriminatory. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2565326 SOURCE: J Androl 1989 Jan-Feb;10(1):50-3 65 NLM CIT. ID: 89260262 TITLE: [Electrophoretic study of protein secretion by the prostate gland in chronic prostatitis and pathospermia] VERNACULAR TITLE: Elektroforeticheskoe issledovanie belkov sekreta predstatel'noi zhelezy pri khronicheskom prostatite i patospermii. AUTHORS: Mikhailichenko VV; Pupkova LS; Kozlov AV PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (prostatic secretion protein) 0 (Carrier Proteins) ABSTRACT: Disk electrophoresis of prostatic secretion proteins in polyacrylamide gel has been employed in examinations of 294 normal subjects and sterile patients with oligo- and asthenospermia in the presence of and without chronic prostatitis. The electrophoregrams have been examined visually; the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of individual fractions relative to the length of the indicator run has been determined. Analysis of the electrophoretic picture, the microscopy findings of examinations of prostatic secretion and the ejaculate, and of the blood levels of sex and gonadotrophic hormones in the patients has revealed that the progress of the inflammatory process in the prostate is associated with a drastic decrease of the concentrations of prostatic secretion proteins with a high molecular mass and an increased level of low-molecular proteins. Abnormal spermatogenesis without prostatic inflammation is linked with a different pattern of prostatic protein levels. A specific electrophoretic picture is characteristic of congestive prostatitis, this helping to differentiate this condition from prostatic inflammations. High informative value and good reproducibility of disk electrophoresis of the prostatic secretion proteins recommend this method for wide use in practical andrology. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2470985 SOURCE: Lab Delo 1989;(4):8-11 66 NLM CIT. ID: 89055915 TITLE: Transvasovasostomy--an alternative operation for obstructive azoospermia. AUTHORS: Hamidinia A AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 30237-26-4 (Fructose) 57-85-2 (Testosterone) 9002-68-0 (FSH) ABSTRACT: Five patients with obstructive azoospermia are presented. They were evaluated by a complete history, physical examination and semen analysis, including fructose studies, and serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone determinations. A history or suspected history of epididymitis or prostatitis was identified in 4 patients and a history of iatrogenic obstruction was found in 3. All patients underwent testicular biopsy which showed normal spermatogenesis. A vasogram was crucial in determining the site of obstruction. All patients underwent transvasovasostomy through the scrotal septum. Patients had encouraging postoperative sperm counts and fertility has been demonstrated by induction of pregnancy in 2 cases. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3143018 SOURCE: J Urol 1988 Dec;140(6):1545-8 67 NLM CIT. ID: 89148725 TITLE: Immunoglobulin E in serum and semen of infertile men. AUTHORS: Ekladios EM; Girgis SM; Salem D; Fahmy IM; Mostafa T Khalil GR AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 37341-29-0 (IgE) ABSTRACT: Determination of IgE level in serum and semen of 92 men by an enzymatic immuno-assay method verified its presence in semen of most of them (92.3%) in much smaller amount than that present in serum (2.6%). IgE levels in serum and semen were significantly correlated. Serum levels were significantly higher in men with obstructive azoospermia, specially when associated with infection. Serum levels of IgE were higher in the fertile men, and in cases without infection as compared with those with prostatitis though this difference was not significant. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3067627 SOURCE: Andrologia 1988 Nov-Dec;20(6):485-91 68 NLM CIT. ID: 89147399 TITLE: Urogenital inflammations: aetiology, diagnosis and their correlation with varicocele and male infertility. AUTHORS: Gattuccio F; Di Trapani D; Romano C; Turtulici B Milici M; Pavone C; D'Alia O; Alaimo R; Latteri MA AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Dipartimento di scienze chirurgiche ed anatomiche. Universita di Palermo. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: The urogenital inflammations may be considered as "apparatus pathology". We analyze only inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland, because it may be extensible to the entire male genital apparatus. Among aethiological agents of infections an important role belongs to Chlamydia and Mycoplasma; we describe various methods for diagnosis of the Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections. When objective clinical findings are poor or absent (such in prostatosis and prostatodynia) the transrectal ultrasonography demonstrates characteristic pictures useful for diagnosis and follow-up. Our clinical data and anatomo-pathological remarks suggest a real correlation between varicocele and genital inflammations (26%). This association doesn't represent the only cause of infertility, but frequently reduces the probability of male fertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3067482 SOURCE: Acta Eur Fertil 1988 Jul-Aug;19(4):201-8 69 NLM CIT. ID: 89131513 TITLE: Seminal tract inflammation and male infertility. Correlations between leukospermia and clinical history, prostatic cytology, conventional semen parameters, sperm viability and seminal plasma protein composition. AUTHORS: Colpi GM; Roveda ML; Tognetti A; Balerna M AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Urology Department, Civil Hospital of Magenta, Milan, Italy. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: A retrospective clinical evaluation of various types of semen analyses from infertile couples attending our Infertility Clinic was undertaken with the scope of studying the possible correlation between seminal inflammation and infertility. The parameters considered were leukospermia (severe, slight, constant or non-constant), clinical history (anamnestic data possibly inferring inflammation), conventional semen parameters, sperm viability (as assessed by capillary tube in vitro penetration test) and seminal plasma proteins patterns (SDS- PAGE). History data such as dysuria, urinary infection, cystitis symptoms and hematospermia were found to be significantly more frequent in infertile men with than in those without leukospermia. Leukospermia in itself did not seem to affect the conventional semen parameters such as total sperm count, motility (at 45 and 180 min) and/or morphology. The seminal volume could represent an exception to this rule. Furthermore, leukospermia did significantly affect sperm viability as evaluated by the capillary tube penetration test. Leukospermia was also significantly coupled to alterations of the seminal plasma protein composition (increase of the albumin concentration, decrease of prostatic markers and other anomalies). NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3223195 SOURCE: Acta Eur Fertil 1988 Mar-Apr;19(2):69-77 70 NLM CIT. ID: 88234632 TITLE: Prostaglandin levels in infertile patients affected by asthenozoospermia and prostatitis. AUTHORS: Freixia R; Rosello J; Ramis I; Abian J; Bulbena O Brassesco M; Gelpi E AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Department of Neurochemistry, Centro de Investigation y Desarrollo, Barcelona, Spain. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Prostaglandins E) 55123-68-7 (19-hydroxyprostaglandin E2) ABSTRACT: 19-hydroxy-prostaglandins and prostaglandins of the E series (19-OH PGEs) were estimated in the seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients (n = 15) and individuals affected by prostatitis (n = 10) and compared to controls (n = 13) and secretory azoospermic patients (n = 8). All of them were free from infections (except individuals affected by prostatitis), biochemical and ultrastructural problems. The results indicate that endogenous prostaglandin levels (19-OH PGEs and PGEs) bear no correlation either to motility or absence of spermatozoa. Significant increases of PGEs were observed in patients affected with prostatitis. Surprisingly PGE levels showed no correlation with the levels of 19-OH PGEs. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3375285 SOURCE: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1988 Jan;31(1):41-4 71 NLM CIT. ID: 88071930 TITLE: [Genital Mycoplasma infections--clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy] VERNACULAR TITLE: Genitale Mykoplasmeninfektionen--Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie. AUTHORS: Hofmann H AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Hautklinik Homburg/Saar. PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL LANGUAGES: Ger REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) ABSTRACT: Ureaplasma urealyticum und Mycoplasma hominis are frequently isolated from the urogenital tract of sexually active persons. Their pathogenetic role in urogenital infections and infertility are still controversial. U. urealyticum can cause urethritis and most likely also chronic prostatitis. M. hominis can cause cystitis, salpingitis, and postpartal fever in women and meningitis in newborns. M. genitalium was recently isolated from patients with urethritis and salpingitis. The diagnosis is made by the cultivation of mycoplasmas in high concentrations and rising antibody titers in the serum. As in chlamydial infections, the therapy of first choice is tetracyclin. M. hominis can also be treated with clindamycin, U. urealyticum with erythromycin. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3318082 SOURCE: Urologe [A] 1987 Sep;26(5):246-51 72 NLM CIT. ID: 87234248 TITLE: [Treatment of male sterility by in vitro fertilization] VERNACULAR TITLE: Traitement de la sterilite masculine par fecondation in vitro. AUTHORS: Martin-Du Pan RC; Bourrit B; Biondo M PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre REGISTRY NUMBERS: 9002-68-0 (FSH) ABSTRACT: A pregnancy obtained through in vitro fertilization in a case of male sterility due to oligospermia with high FSH is reported. After a review of controlled studies dealing with classical andrological treatments (repair of varicocele, treatment of prostatitis and immunological sterility), the place of in vitro fertilization is evaluated in relation to intrauterine insemination using active sperm. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3109028 SOURCE: Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1987 May 23;117(21):804-9 73 NLM CIT. ID: 87321136 TITLE: [Treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by infertility by microwave (460 MHz) action on the area of the thyroid and thymus glands] VERNACULAR TITLE: Lechenie bol'nykh khronicheskim prostatitom, oslozhnennym besplodiem, vozdeistviem mikrovoln (460 MGts) na oblast' shchitovidnoi i viloc hkovoi zhelez. AUTHORS: Bogoliubov VM; Karpukhin IV; Bobkova AS; Razuvaev AV Kozhinova EV PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3629983 SOURCE: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 1987 May-Jun;(3):15-8 74 NLM CIT. ID: 87229941 TITLE: Infections and male fertility. AUTHORS: Megory E; Zuckerman H; Shoham Z; Lunenfeld B PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW LANGUAGES: Eng NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3295615 SOURCE: Obstet Gynecol Surv 1987 May;42(5):283-90 75 NLM CIT. ID: 87239199 TITLE: [Fertility disorders in patients with chronic nonspecific prostatitis] VERNACULAR TITLE: Fertilitetni narusheniia pri bolni s khronichen nespetsifichen prostatit. AUTHORS: Tsvetkov D PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Bul NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3592112 SOURCE: Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 1987;26(1):53-6 76 NLM CIT. ID: 87193339 TITLE: Zinc in human semen. AUTHORS: Canale D; Bartelloni M; Negroni A; Meschini P Izzo PL; Bianchi B; Menchini-Fabris GF PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7440-66-6 (Zinc) ABSTRACT: Seminal zinc was measured in normospermic and infertile patients by a new colorimetric method. Analysis of semen from 5 patients with bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens showed high levels of zinc (mean value 1411.2 micrograms/ml). Lower levels were found in 6 patients with monolateral congenital or acquired obstruction (695.2 micrograms/ml). The seminal zinc level in 6 patients who had had a vasectomy or who had an epididymal blockage (125.7 micrograms/ml) was approximately the same as in 41 controls (134.6 +/- 42 +/- SD). Zinc levels were reduced in hypogonadal patients. These data suggest that zinc is secreted mainly by the prostate, while vesicular, epididymal and testicular secretions are devoid of zinc. Evaluation of this metal therefore permits the diagnosis of patency of the seminal pathways, but does not permit identification of prostatitis. No correlation was found between sperm count or motility and the seminal zinc level, nor between the latter and varicocele. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3570537 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1986 Dec;9(6):477-80 77 NLM CIT. ID: 87071293 TITLE: [Immunologic mechanisms of infertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Immunologicheskie mekhanizmy besplodiia. AUTHORS: Drannik GN; Iunda IF; Montag TS; Boiko NI Romaniv VIa PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (HLA Antigens) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3787865 SOURCE: Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1986 Sep-Oct;(5):42-4 78 NLM CIT. ID: 87112664 TITLE: Immunosuppression and sperm antibody formation in men with prostatitis. AUTHORS: Witkin SS; Zelikovsky G PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibodies) 0 (Antigen-Antibody Complex) 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A) ABSTRACT: 16 men with chronic prostatitis were evaluated immunologically in order to examine possible relationships between prostate infection, defective cellular immune responses and the occurrence of sperm antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) from 14 of 16 (88%) patients exhibited reduced or absent responses in vitro when incubated with an extract of Candida albicans. PBMN proliferation in response to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) was reduced in 5 of 16 (31%) men. In addition, sera from 6 patients inhibited the Candida-induced proliferative response of control PBMC; 2 of these sera also reduced the Con A-directed response. Sperm antibodies, evaluated by an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using fresh motile spermatozoa, were found in 9 of 16 (56%) patients. PBMC responses were reduced in all, and suppressive sera present in 5, of the men with sperm antibodies. IgG antibodies predominated. 4 of the sera positive by ELISA also agglutinated spermatozoa. Levels of IgG sperm antibodies were correlated with the degree of immunosuppression by patient sera (p less than 0.02). These data suggest that decreased cellular immunity and enhanced humoral reactivity to sperm are common in men with chronic prostatitis. Both may contribute to an increased rate of prostatic infection in these men. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3543373 SOURCE: J Clin Lab Immunol 1986 Sep;21(1):7-10 79 NLM CIT. ID: 86290812 TITLE: [Significance and problems of Chlamydia detection in urologic patients] VERNACULAR TITLE: Bedeutung und Problematik des Chlamydiennachweises bei urologischen Patienten. AUTHORS: Krech T; Gerhard-Fsadni D; Miller SM; Hofmann N PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ger REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) ABSTRACT: Chlamydiae represent the aetiological agent in non-gonococcal urethritis in about 50% of the cases, but it is also increasingly recognized that Chlamydia trachomatis can cause prostatitis or epididymitis. The introduction of methods for the direct detection of chlamydia in clinical materials allows early diagnosis and therefore effective antibiotic therapy. The new tests however give both false positive and false negative results. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3526694 SOURCE: Urologe [A] 1986 May;25(3):153-6 80 NLM CIT. ID: 87082350 TITLE: The effect of doxycycline in infertile couples with male accessory gland infection: a double blind prospective study. AUTHORS: Comhaire FH; Rowe PJ; Farley TM PUBLICATION TYPES: CLINICAL TRIAL CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 564-25-0 (Doxycycline) ABSTRACT: Male accessory gland infection (MAGI, epididymo-prostato-vesiculitis) with abnormal semen quality was rarely the only abnormality in infertile couples since it occurred in no more than 1.6% of 2871 couples evaluated in 7 centres during a 3-year period. Both partners of 33 infertile couples with no other demonstrable abnormality than abnormal semen and MAGI consented to participate in a double blind trial and were treated with either doxycycline, 100 mg/day for 1 month (20 couples) or placebo (13 couples). Follow-up during a total of 175 couple-months included semen analysis and the recording of pregnancy. Pregnancy occurred in 2 of the doxycycline-treated couples (10%) and in 1 of the placebo treated couples (8%), corresponding with conception rates per month of 1.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Sperm motility and, to a lesser extent, morphology showed improvement in both groups. Evidence of infection, namely increased numbers of white blood cells and positive sperm culture, disappeared in both the doxycycline-treated and placebo group. It is concluded that features of MAGI in semen may regress spontaneously and are not influenced by the doxycycline treatment. The concomitant improvement of sperm motility and morphology still does not seem to enhance the probability of conception. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3539821 SOURCE: Int J Androl 1986 Apr;9(2):91-8 81 NLM CIT. ID: 86236832 TITLE: [T and B systems of immunity in patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by infertility] VERNACULAR TITLE: Sostoianie T- i B-sistem immuniteta u bol'nykh khronicheskim prostatitom, oslozhnennym besplodiem. AUTHORS: Drannik GN; Iunda IF; Montag TS; Boiko NI Romaniv VIa PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3487148 SOURCE: Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1986 Mar-Apr;(2):59-61 82 NLM CIT. ID: 86249889 TITLE: Dynamics of spermatogenesis, hormonal and immune response of patients suffering from chronic prostatitis and sterility under bitemporal treatment with an ultra-high frequency electric field. AUTHORS: Bogolyubov VM; Karpukhin IV; Bobkova AS Razuvayev AV; Kozhinova EV PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 57-85-2 (Testosterone) 9002-68-0 (FSH) ABSTRACT: A new method of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis and sterility by means of ultra-high frequency (60 W) electric field applied bitemporally has been proposed. During treatment 82% of the patients showed an increase in the number of spermatozoa in 1 ml of ejaculate; the percentage of movable and morphologically normal spermatozoa has increased. Patients with chronic prostatitis and sterility showed in the prostatic secrete before treatment a predominance of B-lymphocytes over T-lymphocytes. After treatment the number of T-lymphocytes in the prostatic secrete increased and the content of B-lymphocytes decreased. In the subpopulation of T- lymphocytes the content of T-suppressors increased, the content of T- helpers and O-lymphocytes decreased. At the same time patients with sterility showed an increase in blood testosterone level and an FSH decrease. Out of 67 wives of the patients with sterility 50 reported pregnancy within 6 months after beginning of the treatment. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3087902 SOURCE: Int Urol Nephrol 1986;18(1):89-97 83 NLM CIT. ID: 86046437 TITLE: [Genital mycoplasma infections] VERNACULAR TITLE: Genitale Mykoplasma-Infektionen. AUTHORS: Werni R; Mardh PA PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ger REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) ABSTRACT: Clinical and experimental investigations on the significance of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have revealed different and contradictory results. Both germs are frequently discovered in young, sexually active persons. Ureaplasma urealyticum might be the cause of some cases of non-gonococcal urethritis. M. hominis seems to be one causative agent of endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis and septicaemia after birth; we do not know yet, however, how often this may be the case. M. hominis may also infect the newborn, e.g., it may cause meningitis and encephalitis. The diagnosis of an infection with mycoplasmas is mainly based on the isolation of the organism, the lack of other pathogens in the lesions, and the demonstration of a significant change of titer of homologous antibodies. Tetracycline is the drug of choice; alternatives are clindamycin for M. hominis and erythromycin for U. urealyticum. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3904251 SOURCE: Z Hautkr 1985 Sep 15;60(18):1486-505 84 NLM CIT. ID: 86074784 TITLE: [The causes of infertile marriages] VERNACULAR TITLE: O prichinakh besplodnogo braka. AUTHORS: Stekhun FI PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Rus NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 2933992 SOURCE: Akush Ginekol (Mosk) 1985 Aug;(9):67-8 85 NLM CIT. ID: 85175756 TITLE: The clinical presentation of Chlamydia trachomatis in a urological practice. AUTHORS: Grant JB; Brooman PJ; Chowdhury SD; Sequeira P Blacklock NJ PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) ABSTRACT: Fifty-nine men with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection have been studied. Epididymitis was the most common presentation (26) compared with urethritis (8) and prostatitis (9). Only 13 patients gave a history of a urethral discharge. Fifteen of 21 female consorts screened were CT positive and 13 of these were asymptomatic. This demonstrates the major aetiological role of CT in lower genitourinary infection and indicates the importance of screening and treating consorts. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3986459 SOURCE: Br J Urol 1985 Apr;57(2):218-21 86 NLM CIT. ID: 85264641 TITLE: Diagnosis of genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections. AUTHORS: Friberg J PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma have been implicated in pelvic inflammatory disease, puerperal infections, septic abortions, low birth weight, nongonococcal urethritis and prostatitis as well as spontaneous abortion and infertility. An unequivocal diagnosis of infection with these organisms can be made only after properly obtained specimens have been evaluated with the use of selective cultures. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 4020782 SOURCE: J Reprod Med 1985 Mar;30(3 Suppl):258-61 87 NLM CIT. ID: 85143335 TITLE: Inflammatory conditions and semen quality among subfertile Sudanese males. AUTHORS: Omer EF PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng ABSTRACT: Fifty-nine subfertile males were investigated to assess seminal quality, inflammatory conditions and spermatogenic picture in relation to their subfertility. Defects in semen analysis were found associated with an old gonococcal infection (42.4%), schistosomiasis (13.6%) and chronic prostatitis (5.1%). Varicocele was observed in a few patients (3.4%). Azoospermia was found in 40.7%, of whom 33.3% were found to suffer from spermatogenic arrest. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3976003 SOURCE: Trop Doct 1985 Jan;15(1):27-8 88 NLM CIT. ID: 86024553 TITLE: Value of intraprostatic injection of zinc and vitamin C and of ultrasound application in infertile men with chronic prostatitis. AUTHORS: Fahim MS; Ibrahim HH; Girgis SM; Essa HA; Hanafi S PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) 7440-66-6 (Zinc) ABSTRACT: Seventy infertile men with chronic prostatitis were treated by prostatic massage and wide-spectrum chemotherapy as basic treatment to which intraprostatic injection of zinc or vitamin C with or without ultrasound application was added as a new line of treatment. Comparison showed no significant improvement of the additive treatment over the conventional treatment used alone. Pus cells in the expressed prostatic smear diminished significantly after treatment, which was associated with significant increase of percentage of motile spermatozoa and significant decrease of abnormal forms. Bacterial flora was studied in comparison with findings in 20 cases of infertile males without prostatitis; staphylococci predominated in both patient and control groups. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3901948 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1985;14(1):81-7 89 NLM CIT. ID: 85143640 TITLE: Ureaplasmal infections of the male urogenital tract, in particular prostatitis, and semen quality. AUTHORS: Weidner W; Krause W; Schiefer HG; Brunner H Friedrich HJ PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7440-66-6 (Zinc) ABSTRACT: Ureaplasma urealyticum is considered an etiologic agent in urogenital tract infections, especially prostatitis. Using the 'four-specimen technique', diagnosis can be based upon significant numbers of these microorganisms. In ejaculate, the critical number seems to be 10(3) cfu/ml of semen to discriminate between real infection and contamination during urethral passage. In our study, 46 of 412 samples (11.2%) exceeded this critical number. Most but not all patients suffering from ureaplasma-associated prostatitis established by the 'four-specimen technique' revealed significantly high ejaculate numbers, whereas all samples from patients with prostatodynia and healthy controls had lower numbers. In these cases, numbers of round cells in semen, i.e. all leukocytes and spermatides, were significantly increased as compared to prostatodynia. A significantly negative correlation was detected between the numbers of ureaplasmas and zinc concentration in semen, and an almost identically negative correlation to the content of fructose, thus indicating secretory dysfunction of the accessory glands in ureaplasmal infections of the prostate. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3883615 SOURCE: Urol Int 1985;40(1):5-9 90 NLM CIT. ID: 86185751 TITLE: Seminal biochemistry and sperm characteristics in infertile men with bacteria in ejaculate. AUTHORS: Grizard G; Janny L; Hermabessiere J; Sirot J Boucher D PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) 0 (Citrates) 30237-26-4 (Fructose) 77-92-9 (Citric Acid) ABSTRACT: Sperm examination, quantitative sperm culture, citric acid, acid phosphatase, and fructose were assayed in three groups of men: fertile controls without significant bacteriospermia (group I), infertile men with significant bacteriospermia; idiopathic infertile men (group II), and infertile men with varicocele (group III). Level of significance of bacteriospermia was greater than or equal to 10(4) germs/ml of ejaculate. In group II, motility and typical morphology percentages were lower, independently of the degree and the nature of bacteriospermia. Incidence of pathogenic bacteria was higher than in group III and linked to the degree of bacteriospermia. Fructose was unaltered in the two groups of infected men. No modification of prostatic markers was observed in any groups, except in group II, where they decreased when bacteriospermia was lower than 10(5) germs/ml and when biological pattern of semen evoked chronic prostatitis. Thus, the presence of germs in ejaculate alters the motility and the typical morphology percentages but does not result in any obvious modifications of biochemical markers of prostate and seminal vesicles. For idiopathic infertile men, it is suggested that the quantitative criterion of pathogenic bacteriospermia is a germ count greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 3833075 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1985;15(2-3):181-6 91 NLM CIT. ID: 85054008 TITLE: [Fertility and adnexitis in the male] VERNACULAR TITLE: Fertilitat und Adnexitis beim Mann. AUTHORS: Weidner W; Krause W; Brunner H; Schiefer HG PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Ger NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6500963 SOURCE: Helv Chir Acta 1984 Oct;51(3-4):357-62 92 NLM CIT. ID: 85044741 TITLE: Infertility and chronic prostatitis. AUTHORS: Giamarellou H; Tympanidis K; Bitos NA; Leonidas E Daikos GK PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 0 (Antibiotics) ABSTRACT: Long term treatment of chronic prostatitis with antimicrobials and their influence on semen quality and infertility were studied in 30 men with mean age of 36.7 +/- 6 years. The infection was symptomatic only in 50% of the patients with abnormal prostatic physical findings in 66.7%. Cardinal findings in the spermatogram were leukocytosis in 100% and oligoasthenozoospermia in 66.5% of the patients. E. coli and Staphylococci presented the most commonly isolated bacteria in prostatic secretion cultures. Various treatment schedules, including mostly co-trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin, were given alternatively for 6-8 months. Symptoms were cured or improved in 79.7%, with elimination or improvement of abnormal physical findings in 85%, while the isolated pathogens were eradicated in all. Spermatograms were normalized or improved in 70% of the patients, while among them 9 impregnated their wives and in 2 of them twice. It is concluded that male infertility in the presence of semen leukocytosis and oligoasthenozoospermia should be investigated for underlying chronic prostatitis, while whenever proved, long term treatment with the proper antimicrobials not only cures or improves chronic prostatitis, but subsequently cures or improves male infertility. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6496959 SOURCE: Andrologia 1984 Sep-Oct;16(5):417-22 93 NLM CIT. ID: 85118046 TITLE: Calcium, zinc, magnesium, concentration in seminal plasma of infertile men with prostatitis. AUTHORS: Ponchietti R; Raugei A; Lanciotti E; Ademollo B Galvan P; Poggini G PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) 7440-66-6 (Zinc) 7440-70-2 (Calcium) ABSTRACT: Seminal plasma, Zinc, Magnesium and Calcium concentrations were evaluated in 15 infertile men with chronic prostatitis and in 10 controls. Highly significant difference (p less than 0,01) was observed in Calcium concentration only in the group of bacterial prostatitis with respect to the controls. The possible significance of these data is suggested. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6524259 SOURCE: Acta Eur Fertil 1984 Jul-Aug;15(4):283-5 94 NLM CIT. ID: 84299696 TITLE: [Asymptomatic prostatitis and sterility in couples. Effects of doxycycline treatment] VERNACULAR TITLE: Prostatites asymptomatiques et sterilite du couple. Effets d'un traitement par la doxycycline. AUTHORS: Martin-du Pan RC; Bourrit B PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Fre REGISTRY NUMBERS: 564-25-0 (Doxycycline) NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6473986 SOURCE: Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1984 Jun 26;73(26):828-30 95 NLM CIT. ID: 84226447 TITLE: [Role of chlamydiae in pathology of the urogenital tract] VERNACULAR TITLE: Rol' khlamidii v patologii urogenital'nogo trakta. AUTHORS: Delektorskii VV; Rukavishnikova VM; Iashkova GN Khabarov VA PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW LANGUAGES: Rus NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6375197 SOURCE: Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984 Apr;(4):28-35 96 NLM CIT. ID: 85224512 TITLE: Ureaplasma-infected human sperm in infertile men. AUTHORS: Grossgebauer K; Hennig A PUBLICATION TYPES: JOURNAL ARTICLE LANGUAGES: Eng REGISTRY NUMBERS: 60-54-8 (Tetracycline) ABSTRACT: The case of an infertile man with oligospermia and symptoms of urethritis-prostatitis, whose spouse had a vaginal discharge, is reported. Microbiological analysis of appropriate specimens revealed a strain of tetracycline-resistant ureaplasma urealyticum in both patients. Using the transmission electron microscope, it was possible to demonstrate spermatozoal heads "infected" with microorganisms strongly resembling ureaplasma urealyticum. NLM PUBMED CIT. ID: 6535453 SOURCE: Arch Androl 1984;12 Suppl:35-41 97 NLM CIT. ID: 84304855 TITLE: [Conservative treatment of fertility disorders in chronic nonspecific prostatitis] VERNACULAR TITLE: